{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:47:03Z","timestamp":1772160423514,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adjuvants use several mechanisms to boost immunogenicity and to modulate immune response. The strength of adsorption of antigen by adjuvants can be a determinant factor for significant improvement of immunopotentiation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We expressed recombinant RBD\u2010FC in PichiaPink Strain 4 and examined the vaccination of mice by vaccine formulation with different adjuvants (sodium alginate and aluminum hydroxide, alone and together).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sodium alginate significantly increased the immunogenicity and stability of RBD\u2010FC antigen, so RBD\u2010FC formulated with combined alginate and alum (AlSa) and sodium alginate alone showed higher antibody titer and stability. Immunogenicity of RBD\u2010FC:AlSa was determined by serological assays including direct enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT). High levels of IgGs and neutralizing antibodies were measured in serum of mice immunized with the RBD\u2010FC:AlSa formulation. On the other hand, cytokines IL\u201010 and INF\u2010\u03b3 were severely accumulated in response to RBD\u2010FC:AlSa, and after 10 days, their accumulation was significantly declined, whereas IL\u20104 showed the highest and the lowest accumulation in response to alum and alginate, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our data may suggest that combination of alum and sodium alginate has a better compatibility with RBD\u2010FC in vaccine formulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.70018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T01:35:03Z","timestamp":1730338503000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Improvement of RBD\u2010FC Immunogenicity by Using Alum\u2013Sodium Alginate Adjuvant Against SARS\u2010COV\u20102"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Mahboobeh","family":"Dehghan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Shahid Beheshti University  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Askari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Shahid Beheshti University  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masoud","family":"Tohidfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Shahid Beheshti University  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seyed\u00a0Omid\u00a0Ranaei","family":"Siadat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Protein Research Center Shahid Beheshti University  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fataneh","family":"Fatemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Protein Research Center Shahid Beheshti University  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2015.37"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D.Sanyal S.Chowdhury V. N.Uversky andK.Chattopadhyay \u201cAn Exploration of the SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Spike Receptor Vinding Domain (RBD)\u2013A Complex Palette of Evolutionary and Structural Features \u201d BioRxiv (2020) 2020.05. 31.126615.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.05.31.126615"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-0305-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00298"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.09.106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.10.6085"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1389201033489748"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.10.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14760584.2015.956729"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","volume-title":"AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals","author":"Leary S. 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