{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T13:53:08Z","timestamp":1780581188729,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75D30122C14944"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75D30122C14944"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>Assessments of COVID\u201019 vaccine effectiveness are needed to monitor the protection provided by updated vaccines against severe COVID\u201019. We evaluated the effectiveness of original monovalent and bivalent (ancestral strain and Omicron BA.4\/5) COVID\u201019 vaccination against COVID\u201019\u2010associated hospitalization and severe in\u2010hospital outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>During September 8, 2022 to August 31, 2023, adults aged \u2265\u200918\u2009years hospitalized with COVID\u201019\u2010like illness were enrolled at 26 hospitals in 20 US states. Using a test\u2010negative case\u2013control design, we estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) with multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, race\/ethnicity, admission date, and geographic region.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Among 7028 patients, 2924 (41.6%) were COVID\u201019 case patients, and 4104 (58.4%) were control patients. Compared to unvaccinated patients, absolute VE against COVID\u201019\u2010associated hospitalization was 6% (\u22127%\u201317%) for original monovalent doses only (median time since last dose [IQR]\u2009=\u2009421\u2009days [304\u2013571]), 52% (39%\u201361%) for a bivalent dose received 7\u201389\u2009days earlier, and 13% (\u221210%\u201331%) for a bivalent dose received 90\u2013179\u2009days earlier. Absolute VE against COVID\u201019\u2010associated invasive mechanical ventilation or death was 51% (34%\u201363%) for original monovalent doses only, 61% (35%\u201377%) for a bivalent dose received 7\u201389\u2009days earlier, and 50% (11%\u201371%) for a bivalent dose received 90\u2013179\u2009days earlier.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Bivalent vaccination provided protection against COVID\u201019\u2010associated hospitalization and severe in\u2010hospital outcomes within 3\u2009months of receipt, followed by a decline in protection to a level similar to that remaining from previous original monovalent vaccination by 3\u20136\u2009months. These results underscore the benefit of remaining up to date with recommended COVID\u201019 vaccines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.70027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T01:30:07Z","timestamp":1730770207000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effectiveness of Original Monovalent and Bivalent COVID\u201019 Vaccines Against COVID\u201019\u2010Associated Hospitalization and Severe In\u2010Hospital Outcomes Among Adults in the United States, September 2022\u2013August 2023"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Jennifer","family":"DeCuir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Atlanta Georgia 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