{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:47:02Z","timestamp":1772160422657,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5U01CK000542\u201002\u201000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5U01CK000542\u201002\u201000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5U01CK000542\u201002\u201000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5U01CK000542\u201002\u201000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Household transmission of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 is a driver of the ongoing COVID\u201019 pandemic. Understanding factors that contribute to secondary infection risks (SIRs) can define changing trends and inform public health policies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The ORegon CHild Absenteeism due to Respiratory Disease Study (ORCHARDS) prospectively monitors respiratory viruses within the Oregon School District (OSD) in southcentral Wisconsin. Households with students who had \u2265 2 respiratory symptoms were eligible and opted to participate in ORCHARDS. Between October 28, 2020, and May 16, 2022, all household members provided self\u2010collected nasal specimens on days 0, 7, and 14 for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 detection using real\u2010time reverse\u2010transcription\u2010polymerase chain reaction. We used logistic regression to investigate individual\u2010 and household\u2010level characteristics associated with SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 transmission.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall, 127 households comprising 572 individuals (48% female; 52% male; 0.4% nonbinary; 77%\u2009\u2265\u200918\u2009years) had at least one detection of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102. The overall SIR was 47% and decreased over time (pre\u2010Delta\u2009=\u200972% [95% CI: 58%\u201383%]; Delta\u2009=\u200951% [40%\u201363%]; and Omicron\u2009=\u200941% [36%\u201347%]). Odds of household transmission were 63% lower during the Omicron period compared with the pre\u2010Delta period (OR\u2009=\u20090.36 [95% CI: 0.13\u20130.94]\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.037). Greater household density (members\/bedroom) was significantly associated with household transmission during the Omicron period (OR\u2009=\u20096.8, [2.19\u201321.37]\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001). Index case age, illness severity, and individual symptoms were not significantly associated with odds of household transmission.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Greater household density was associated with a higher risk of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 transmission, but the risk declined over time with subsequent variants. Interplay between variants, prior infection, and individual\/household factors may identify modifiable factors (e.g., behavior and vaccination) to reduce future transmission risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.70031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T01:34:03Z","timestamp":1730338443000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Factors Associated With Transmission Across Three Waves of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 in a Prospective Community\u2010Based Study of Households With School\u2010Aged Children\u2014Dane County, Wisconsin, 2020\u20132022"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Ajay\u00a0K.","family":"Sethi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences University of Wisconsin  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1525-4922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristalyne","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Community Health University of Wisconsin  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Derek","family":"Norton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics University of Wisconsin  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7062-1916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maureen\u00a0D.","family":"Goss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Community Health University of Wisconsin  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shari","family":"Barlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Community Health University of Wisconsin  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guanhua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics University of Wisconsin  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amra","family":"Uzicanin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7097-583X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan\u00a0L.","family":"Temte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Community Health University of Wisconsin  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2022.2476"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7218a4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abm4915"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.2828"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010021\u201003792\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586\u2010022\u201000155\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7114a2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad074"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.9317"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.08.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473\u20103099(21)00648\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12920"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0267111"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0239000"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","first-page":"233","article-title":"Evidence of Early Household Transmission of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Involving a School\u2010Aged Child","volume":"120","author":"Temte J. 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