{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:17:15Z","timestamp":1787062635772,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During the COVID\u201019 pandemic, genomic surveillance was crucial for monitoring virus spread and identifying variants. Effective surveillance helped understand transmission dynamics. Singapore had success in combating COVID\u201019 through its surveillance programmes. This paper outlines Singapore's strategy and its impact on public health during the transition to endemicity over 54\u2009weeks from February 2022 to February 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In May 2022, Singapore expanded its acute respiratory infections (ARI) surveillance to enhance COVID\u201019 detection. COVID\u201019\u2013positive samples from ARI cases were sent to the National Public Health Laboratory for whole genome sequencing (WGS). WGS data informed public health actions based on transmission origins and case severity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over 54\u2009weeks, NPHL sequenced 18,918 (73%) samples. Analysis showed 29% imported and 71% local cases. Severe cases accounted for 12% and were mostly elderly, specifically those aged 80\u2009years old and above. Variant analysis identified 11 predominant variants and 288 subvariants. Omicron BA.2, BA.5 and XBB were initially dominant, followed by increased variant heterogeneity. Severe cases mirrored these trends.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Genomic surveillance was integral in Singapore's COVID\u201019 response, guiding timely public health decisions. Effective variant tracking supported proactive measures. The experience underscores the importance of genomic surveillance for future pandemic preparedness and emerging disease detection, emphasising its role in shaping pandemic responses and global health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.70060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T19:38:24Z","timestamp":1734637104000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Singapore's COVID\u201019 Genomic Surveillance Programme: Strategies and Insights From a Pandemic Year"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8904-8936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao\u00a0Yi","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Communicable Diseases Group Ministry of Health  Singapore"},{"name":"Health Systems Group Harvard T.H. 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