{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T19:31:23Z","timestamp":1781551883353,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1084286"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1084286"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1117483"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1117483"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005627","name":"Thrasher Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["14193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14193"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRIs) remain the leading infectious cause of death among children &lt;\u20095\u2009years, with viruses contributing to a large proportion of cases. Little is known about the epidemiology and etiology of viral ALRI in rural Bangladesh.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We enrolled 3\u2010 to 23\u2010month\u2010old children with ALRIs attending a subdistrict hospital outpatient clinic in Sylhet district in Bangladesh. Trained study physicians ascertained the cases and obtained nasopharyngeal swabs to detect 19 respiratory viruses by multiplex PCR using the Luminex Integrated System NxTAG Respiratory pathogen panel.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between August 2016 and September 2017, we enrolled 1477 children. Median age was 10\u2009months; 58.1% were male. Forty\u2010seven percent presented during autumn (mid\u2010June to mid\u2010October). About a third had temperature \u2265\u2009101\u00b0F, 95.4% had cough in the previous 3\u2009days, 72.0% had fast breathing, and 80.0% had chest indrawing. Alveolar consolidation occurred in 23.9%, and 4.4% were hypoxemic (saturation &lt;\u200990% on room air). Nineteen percent required hospitalization; 79.1% of them were discharged within 48\u2009h. A respiratory virus was identified in 81.8%, majority (75.8%) with single virus isolation. Rhinoenterovirus was most commonly identified (HRV\/HEV, 37.9%), followed by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, 20.2%) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV, 11.7%). Rhinoenterovirus was detected year\u2010round; RSV was detected during August\u2013November and hMPV during December\u2013March.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Respiratory viruses were identified in a majority (82%) of children under 2\u2009years of age presenting with ALRI in rural hospitals of Bangladesh. These findings have implications for future study and potentially for surveillance, antimicrobial stewardship, vaccine program planning, and policy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.70062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T21:38:33Z","timestamp":1734644313000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Viral Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (ALRI) in Rural Bangladeshi Children Prior to the COVID\u201019 Pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Megan\u00a0E.","family":"Reller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Duke University School of Medicine  Durham North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Duke Global Health Institute  Durham North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayur","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric\u00a0D.","family":"McCollum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore Maryland USA"},{"name":"Global Program in Respiratory Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salahuddin","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Projahnmo Research Foundation  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arunangshu\u00a0D.","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore Maryland USA"},{"name":"Projahnmo Research Foundation  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nabidul\u00a0Haque","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Projahnmo Research Foundation  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samir","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Health Research Foundation  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence\u00a0H.","family":"Moulton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathuram","family":"Santosham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah\u00a0H.","family":"Baqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32203-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.The Global Health Observatory. 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