{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T15:09:16Z","timestamp":1784041756644,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,12]],"date-time":"2025-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23fk0108661j0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23fk0108661j0001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nonpharmaceutical interventions for coronavirus disease (COVID\u201019), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, during the pandemic altered the epidemiology of respiratory viruses. This study aimed to determine the changes in respiratory viruses among children hospitalized from 2018 to 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nasopharyngeal specimens were collected from children aged under 15\u2009years with fever and\/or respiratory symptoms admitted to a medical institution in Fukushima Prefecture between January 2018 and December 2023. Eighteen respiratory viruses were detected using real\u2010time reverse transcription\u2010polymerase chain reaction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall, 1933 patients were included. Viruses were detected in 1377 (71.2%); of these, a single virus was detected in 906 (46.9%) and multiple viruses in 471 (24.3%). Among the viruses whose epidemics were temporarily suppressed, the epidemics of respiratory syncytial virus A and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3) started earlier, and the epidemics of human metapneumovirus, HPIV1, and influenza A and C viruses resumed as behavioral restrictions for preventing COVID\u201019 eased. The median age of children with airway infection was significantly higher in the postpandemic group than in the prepandemic group (18.0\u2009months vs. 21.0\u2009months,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). The median age of children infected with HPIV3 and human rhinovirus was significantly higher in the postpandemic group than in the prepandemic group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Strengthening of nonpharmaceutical interventions changed the epidemic dynamics of pediatric infectious diseases, with a trend toward older hospitalized children. Continuous monitoring of pediatric infectious disease outbreaks in hospitalized children can help prepare for the emergence of future viruses and pandemics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.70070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,12]],"date-time":"2025-01-12T23:04:55Z","timestamp":1736723095000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Temporal Trends in Respiratory Infection Epidemics Among Pediatric Inpatients Throughout the Course of the COVID\u201019 Pandemic From 2018 to 2023 in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2985-1282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yohei","family":"Kume","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Fukushima Medical University  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Fukushima Medical University  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisao","family":"Okabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Fukushima Medical University  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sakurako","family":"Norito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Fukushima Medical University  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reiko","family":"Suwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology III National Institute of Infectious Diseases  Musashimurayama Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miyuki","family":"Kawase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology III National Institute of Infectious Diseases  Musashimurayama Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izumi","family":"Mochizuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Ohara General Hospital  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumi","family":"Mashiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Hoshi General Hospital  Koriyama Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naohisa","family":"Ishibashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Ohara General Hospital  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeo","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Ohara General Hospital  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroko","family":"Sakuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Hoshi General Hospital  Koriyama Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuya","family":"Shirato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology III National Institute of Infectious Diseases  Musashimurayama Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsuaki","family":"Hosoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Perinatology and Pediatrics for Regional Medical Support Fukushima Medical University  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayato","family":"Go","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Fukushima Medical University  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2020.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"N.Nao K.Shirato S.Matsuyama andM.Takeda \u201cDetection of WN\u2010Human1 Sequence from Clinical Specimen \u201d accessed August 27 2024 https:\/\/www.niid.go.jp\/niid\/images\/vir3\/nCoV\/Method_NIID_20200114_Na.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2013182117"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2022.37.e172"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.935483"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12854"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12995"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"195","article-title":"The Effects of the COVID\u201019 Pandemic on Community Respiratory Virus Activity","volume":"21","author":"Chow E. J.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare Response to COVID\u201019 (Novel Coronavirus) After the Classification Change \u201d2023 Accessed August 27 2024 https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/stf\/covid\u201019\/kenkou\u2010iryousoudan_00006.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2023.350"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2022.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11070754"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2021.07.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0261332"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12894"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1906"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(22)00371-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35772\/ghmo.2024.01001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v12010089"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21218"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.67.469"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-05772-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-021-01562-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002965"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002760"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(20)30114-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01920-23"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1607283"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. A.Spencer D. P.Shutt S. K.Moser et\u00a0al. \u201cDistinguishing Viruses Responsible for Influenza\u2010Like Illness \u201d medRxiv January 2021:2020.02.04.20020404.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.02.04.20020404"}],"container-title":["Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.70070","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T06:02:25Z","timestamp":1738044145000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/irv.70070"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/irv.70070"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/irv.70070","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.70070\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.70070\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.70070\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.70070\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1750-2640","1750-2659"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1750-2640","type":"print"},{"value":"1750-2659","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70070"}}