{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:47:06Z","timestamp":1772160426186,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["102975"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["102975"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective study to explore molecular insights into human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) group B strains among patients attending outpatient clinics at government medical facilities both prior and during the onset of Influenza A\/H1N1\/2009 pandemic outbreak.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We screened 2300 nasopharyngeal swabs using multiplex real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. We amplified a segment of the first and second hypervariable regions, as well as the conserved portion of the third domain of the G\u2010gene using HRSV\u2010B specific primers, sequenced by Sanger di\u2010deoxy chain termination method and thereafter analyzed the sequences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We characterized the circulating strains into three known genotypes: SAB4 (1.4%), BA7 (1.4%), and multiple variants of BA9 (97.2%). The majority of BA9 viruses were uniquely Kenyan with only 4% aligning with BA9 lineages found elsewhere. The mean evolutionary rate of the HRSV\u2010B was estimated to be 3.08\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\n                      substitutions per site per year.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings indicate that the circulating HRSV\u2010B viruses in Kenya underwent a slower evolution during the period of 2007\u20132010. Additionally, our findings reveal the existence of a unique lineage as well as new variants that have not been reported elsewhere to date.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.70082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T18:17:11Z","timestamp":1740075431000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Molecular Analysis of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Group B Strains Isolated in Kenya Before and During the Emergence of Pandemic Influenza A\/H1N1"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5163-6813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Wangui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre For Virus Research Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)  Nairobi Kenya"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Kenyatta University  Nairobi 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