{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T03:32:41Z","timestamp":1774927961878,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FC001030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FC001030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001336","name":"University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001\u2010167\u20108461201\u20104347"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001\u2010167\u20108461201\u20104347"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001336","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FC001030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FC001030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FC001030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FC001030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite being a vaccine preventable disease, influenza remains a burden in African countries. In Mauritius, influenza virus activity is year\u2010round but evidence\u2010based data to guide vaccination and pandemic preparedness strategies are lacking. This study aimed to describe the genetic diversity of influenza A viruses detected in Mauritius between 2017 and 2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Influenza A\/H1N1pdm09 and A\/H3N2 virus isolates were sequenced using Oxford Nanopore technology. Sequence reads assembled by CZ ID and Genome Detective web\u2010based tools were uploaded to the EpiFlu database of the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID). Sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis were performed using Nextclade and MEGA XI software. BioEdit software was used to view amino acid substitutions compared to annual vaccine strains. Prediction of potential N\u2010linked glycosylation (PNG) sites was determined by NetNGlyc 1.0.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Influenza A was predominant (92.6%), with A\/H1N1pdm09 prevailing overall (62.5%) but A\/H3N2 dominating in 2017 (55.9%). Phylogenetic analysis identified clade 6B dominance for A\/H1N1pdm09, with notable substitutions E119K, Q136K and D151E linked to antigenic changes. A\/H3N2 exhibited significant genetic diversity, with co\u2010circulation of 3C.2a4 and 3C.2a1 in 2017 while 2018 predominant subclade 3C.2a1b.1 highlights continued antigenic drift. Loss of PNG sites at position 158 (11\/21; 52.4%) in HA and position 329 (81.0%, 17\/21) in NA of A\/H3N2 viruses were observed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Continued evolution of A\/H1N1pdm09 and A\/H3N2 viruses in Mauritius highlights the need for sustained genomic surveillance to inform vaccine and antiviral strategies. Data from Mauritius will contribute to understanding of influenza viruses' ecology in the African region and globally.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.70108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T20:43:48Z","timestamp":1747169028000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Molecular Evolution of Influenza A Viruses From Mauritius, 2017\u20132019"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8638-7159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magalutcheemee","family":"Ramuth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Health Laboratory, Victoria Hospital, Ministry of Health &amp; Wellness  Quatre\u2010Bornes Plaine\u2010Wilhems Mauritius"},{"name":"Division of Medical Virology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Witwatersrand  Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janaki","family":"Sonoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Health Laboratory, Victoria Hospital, Ministry of Health &amp; Wellness  Quatre\u2010Bornes Plaine\u2010Wilhems Mauritius"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fhooblall","family":"Mokshanand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Health Laboratory, Victoria Hospital, Ministry of Health &amp; Wellness  Quatre\u2010Bornes Plaine\u2010Wilhems Mauritius"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Belinda","family":"Herring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa  Brazzaville Republic\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0Congo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tessema","family":"Sofonias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC)  Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"McCauley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Worldwide Influenza Centre The Francis Crick Institute  London England"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashwamed","family":"Dinasing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health &amp; Wellness  Port Louis Plaine\u2010Wilhems Mauritius"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florette\u00a0K.","family":"Treurnicht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Virology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Witwatersrand  Johannesburg South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Virology National Health Laboratory Service  Parktown Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx932"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","volume-title":"Pathogens","author":"Saunders\u2010Hastings P. 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