{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T05:56:08Z","timestamp":1791870968442,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000200","name":"United States Agency for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#72068719CA00001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#72068719CA00001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Madagascar has maintained an influenza surveillance program for decades. Following the emergence of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 in 2020, the country implemented strict nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) that disrupted influenza circulation. We studied the evolutionary dynamics of influenza viruses in Madagascar over a 5\u2010year period, spanning both the pre\u2010pandemic and COVID\u201019 pandemic periods: 2019\u20132023. We showed that global genetic evolution profiles for A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2), and B\/Victoria viruses occurred from the pre\u2010pandemic to the pandemic period of COVID\u201019 in Madagascar. In addition, we observed distinct patterns of viral re\u2010emergence following the relaxation of COVID\u201019 containment measures. This study underscores the importance of sustaining continuous surveillance of influenza virus circulation to monitor the emergence of new variants and identify clade\u2010specific isolates. In addition, these results suggest that targeted NPIs could complement vaccination strategies in reducing influenza transmission and should be integrated into a comprehensive approach for effective influenza control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.70110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T21:15:15Z","timestamp":1746652515000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparative Analysis of the Evolutionary Dynamics of Seasonal Influenza Viruses in Madagascar Before and Since the Pandemic Period of COVID\u201019"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2063-3932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norosoa\u00a0Harline","family":"Razanajatovo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Influenza Center, Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar  Antananarivo Madagascar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsiry\u00a0Hasina","family":"Randriambolamanantsoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Influenza Center, Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar  Antananarivo Madagascar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Randrianasolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar  Antananarivo Madagascar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joelinotahiana\u00a0Hasina","family":"Rabarison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Influenza Center, Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar  Antananarivo Madagascar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sitraka\u00a0Ulrich","family":"Raveloson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar  Antananarivo Madagascar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baholy","family":"Barasaona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direction de la Veille Sanitaire, de la Surveillance Epid\u00e9miologique et Ripostes, Ministry of Public Health  Antananarivo Madagascar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nirina\u00a0Nantenaina","family":"Ranoelison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar  Antananarivo Madagascar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arv\u00e9","family":"Ratsimbazafy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Influenza Center, Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar  Antananarivo Madagascar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helisoa","family":"Razafimanjato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Influenza Center, Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar  Antananarivo Madagascar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fara\u00a0Ad\u00e8le","family":"Raveloharivony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direction de la Veille Sanitaire, de la Surveillance Epid\u00e9miologique et Ripostes, Ministry of Public Health  Antananarivo Madagascar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aina","family":"Harimanana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar  Antananarivo Madagascar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6174-8827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rindra","family":"Randremanana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar  Antananarivo Madagascar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miamina\u00a0Fidy","family":"Ankasitrahana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direction de la Veille Sanitaire, de la Surveillance Epid\u00e9miologique et Ripostes, Ministry of Public Health  Antananarivo Madagascar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antso\u00a0Hasina","family":"Raherinandrasana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direction de la Veille Sanitaire, de la Surveillance Epid\u00e9miologique et Ripostes, Ministry of Public Health  Antananarivo Madagascar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1107-0859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean\u2010Michel","family":"Heraud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Influenza Center, Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar  Antananarivo Madagascar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1931-3037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Dussart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Influenza Center, Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar  Antananarivo Madagascar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3173-4053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent","family":"Lacoste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Influenza Center, Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar  Antananarivo Madagascar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30310-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1209.05-0979"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001558"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0205124"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017579"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v15010012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46234\/ccdcw2021.255"}],"container-title":["Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.70110","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T00:54:28Z","timestamp":1748480068000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/irv.70110"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/irv.70110"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/irv.70110","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.70110\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.70110\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.70110\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.70110\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.70110\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1750-2640","1750-2659"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1750-2640","type":"print"},{"value":"1750-2659","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70110"}}