{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T05:01:26Z","timestamp":1789966886504,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750982400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seasonal influenza A viruses (IAVs) remain a major global health concern, causing up to 650,000 deaths annually. Over the past century, four influenza pandemics have occurred, with H3N2 and H1N1 subtypes becoming endemic in humans. The hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein, essential for viral entry and a key vaccine target, contains critical antigenic sites. While antigenic drift enables immune evasion, certain substitutions can affect protein stability and intraprotein interactions, influencing viral fitness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study employed a Bayesian approach to investigate the phylogenetic origins of full\u2010length HA genes from seasonal IAVs circulating in Izmir, T\u00fcrkiye (2017\u20132023). Publicly available HA sequences from T\u00fcrkiye were incorporated to assess selection pressures using four models available on Datamonkey and to examine antigenic mismatches between circulating viruses and vaccine strains. The structural impact of positively selected substitution was analyzed via molecular dynamics simulations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Phylogenetic analysis identified four and six subclades for H1N1 and H3N2, respectively, revealing cocirculation of genetically distinct strains within the same season. Both subtypes were under negative selection, but the N260D substitution in H1N1 was consistently detected under positive selection across all models. Molecular dynamics simulations suggested that this substitution may influence intraprotein dynamics with the vestigial esterase domain, introducing a transient electrostatic bond. Furthermore, H3N2 exhibited more antigenic mismatches than H1N1, including a novel mismatch in 2022\u20132023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is the first comprehensive study documenting the genetic evolution of IAVs in T\u00fcrkiye over 6\u2009years. Regional surveillance of antigenic changes can improve vaccine strain selection and vaccination strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.70134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T08:24:13Z","timestamp":1751012653000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Genetic Evolution of the Hemagglutinin Genes of Seasonal Influenza A Viruses in T\u00fcrkiye Between 2017 and 2023"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1752-3142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.\u00a0Ekin","family":"Azbazdar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Health Technologies, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute Dokuz Eylul University  Izmir T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center  Izmir T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1688-4923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mert","family":"Dikmenogullari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Health Technologies, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute Dokuz Eylul University  Izmir T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center  Izmir T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1209-0686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeynep","family":"Kavalci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Health Technologies, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute Dokuz Eylul University  Izmir T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center  Izmir T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9178-0142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeynep\u00a0A.","family":"Ko\u00e7er","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Health Technologies, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute Dokuz Eylul University  Izmir T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center  Izmir T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Influenza (Seasonal).2023 https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\u2010room\/fact\u2010sheets\/detail\/influenza\u2010(seasonal)."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/bhm.2002.0022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv534"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113063"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001558"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mmbr.56.1.152\u2010179.1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002398"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/290713a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092\u20108674(82)90135\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/289373a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2024.2336357"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.126381"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v16101644"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","volume-title":"ECDC. Annual Epidemiological Report for 2017","author":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","volume-title":"ECDC. Annual Report for 2023","author":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1745\u20106150\u20101\u201034"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00735"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105424"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.8.4139\u20104146.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","unstructured":"R.Webster N.Cox andK.Stohr WHO Manual on Animal Influenza Diagnosis and Surveillance: World Health Organization Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance and WHO\/CDS\/CDR\/20025 Rev 1.2002."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s007050170002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.WHO Information for the Molecular Detection of Influenza Viruses.2020 https:\/\/cdn.who.int\/media\/docs\/default\u2010source\/influenza\/global\u2010influenza\u2010surveillance\u2010and\u2010response\u2010system\/related\u2010documents\/protocols_influenza_virus_detection_jan_2020.pdf?sfvrsn=36349aa3_8."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts091"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty407"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkf436"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3988"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/vey016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/syz020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msw260"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","article-title":"Some Probabilistic and Statistical Problems on the Analysis of DNA Sequence","volume":"17","author":"Tavar\u00e9 S.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lecture of Mathematics for Life Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00160154"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/syv083"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/syy032"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msx335"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002764"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msi105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky427"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.445869"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp973084f"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.21287"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.23354"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0014475"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00268978800101881"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0263\u20107855(96)00018\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btl461"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bsheal.2022.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2023.2225645"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.12.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lana.2021.100015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1154137"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2017.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","unstructured":"Turkish Statistical Institute (T\u00fcrkiye \u0130statistik Kurumu).2023.Son 12 Ay \u0130\u00e7erisinde Koruyucu Hizmetlerden Faydalanan Bireylerin Cinsiyete G\u00f6re Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 https:\/\/data.tuik.gov.tr\/Bulten\/Index?p=Turkiye\u2010Saglik\u2010Arastirmasi\u20102022\u201049747."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","unstructured":"OFFLU Swine Influenza Report January 2022 to June 2022.2022 https:\/\/www.offlu.org\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/OFFLU\u2010vcm\u2010swine\u20102022c\u2010final.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1524384113"}],"container-title":["Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.70134","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/irv.70134","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.70134","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T04:12:49Z","timestamp":1789963969000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/irv.70134"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/irv.70134"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/irv.70134","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.70134\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.70134\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.70134\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.70134\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.70134\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1750-2640","1750-2659"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1750-2640","type":"print"},{"value":"1750-2659","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70134"}}