{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T07:35:03Z","timestamp":1778571303576,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5U01\u2010AI069924\u201005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5U01\u2010AI069924\u201005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32FP30\u2010189498"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32FP30\u2010189498"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Viral respiratory infections contribute to sick days in school children. We monitored respiratory infections, absences, and symptoms in a Swiss school.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serial saliva sampling (three per week) and daily recording of absences and symptoms over 6\u2009weeks during the winter of 2023\/24 in four Swiss school classes (age 14\u201315).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We analyzed 1047 samples of 67\/84 (80%) participants, identifying 87 infection episodes across eight viruses: 28 (32%) human rhinovirus, 18 (21%) influenza A\/B, 11 (13%) respiratory syncytial virus, 14 (16%) human coronaviruses, 6 (7%) parainfluenza virus, and 5 (6%) influenza B; SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 was not detected. Spatiotemporal trends revealed seasonal epidemic trends and evidence of transmission within classes. Viral loads (interquartile range 29.5\u201336.9 Ct) and duration of detection (modeled range 3.2\u20135.3\u2009days) were similar for all viruses. School absences were more likely temporally associated with influenza B infections than with other respiratory viral infections (&gt;\u200999% vs. 38%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005), and the absences tended to be longer (average 4.2 vs. 2.2\u2009days). Symptoms varied depending on the pathogen detected, with absences temporally associated with human rhinovirus and parainfluenza virus infections commonly involving runny nose and sore throat, while absences associated with influenza infections often involved fever.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Class\u2010specific distribution patterns suggest a major contribution of within\u2010class to overall respiratory virus transmission. Respiratory viruses showed certain distinct profiles in relation to school absences and symptoms. This highlights the importance of infection control measures, including vaccination, and virus\u2010specific monitoring to better understand transmission dynamics in schools.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.70143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T07:35:13Z","timestamp":1759131313000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Absences, Symptoms and Respiratory Viruses in a Swiss School: Longitudinal Study With Serial Saliva Sampling"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Banholzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Multidisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases (MCID), University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Public Health University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen 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Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Egger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences University of Bristol  Bristol UK"},{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research University of Cape Town  Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tina","family":"Hascher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases (MCID), University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Educational Science University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Jent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases (MCID), University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3309-4835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukas","family":"Fenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Multidisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases (MCID), University of Bern  Bern 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