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This study evaluated the efficacy of the 2021\/2022 seasonal influenza vaccine against SIVs. Forty\u2010six postvaccination human sera were tested via hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay against Spanish SIV genotypes. Seroprotection rate (SPR, HI titer \u2265 40) was 76% (95% CI: 64\u201388) and 91% (95% CI: 83\u201399) for human vaccine strains H1 and H3, respectively. SPRs were 67% (95% CI: 53\u201381) for pandemic swine H1, 64% (95% CI: 50\u201378) for human seasonal\u2010like H1, 17%\u201346% for Eurasian avian\u2010like H1, 15% (95% CI: 5\u201325) for human seasonal\u2010like H3 from the 1970s, and 83%\u201393% for human seasonal\u2010like H3 from the 2000s SIVs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.70158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T07:22:18Z","timestamp":1766474538000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Seasonal Influenza Vaccine 2021\/2022 Provides Limited Cross Reactivity Against Contemporary Swine Influenza A Virus Strains in Spain"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9596-8070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paloma","family":"Encinas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology National Institute of Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA\u2010CSIC)  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Facultad de Veterinaria Universidad Complutense de Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Lalueza\u2010Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana\u00a0Isabel","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010Vaquero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Health Department Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha\u00a0I.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adolfo","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010Sastre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Tisch Cancer Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell\u2010Based Medicine Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Icahn Genomics Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8171-2274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo","family":"del Real","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology National Institute of Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA\u2010CSIC)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.13276"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.13058"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a038737"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"ECDC \u201cZoonotic Influenza. 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