{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:11:15Z","timestamp":1791936675716,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,16]],"date-time":"2025-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/L018993\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/L018993\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000269","name":"Economic and Social Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002992","name":"Department for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002992","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010418","name":"Defence Science and Technology Laboratory","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010418","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Avian influenza A viruses (AIVs) are endemic among poultry in Bangladesh sold at live bird markets (LBMs). We assessed virologic and serologic evidence of exposure to AIVs among LBM workers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study recruited 702 randomly sampled workers from 42 LBMs in Dhaka, Bangladesh, during 2017. Nasal and throat swabs collected from workers and air samples from LBMs were tested for influenza A virus by RT\u2010PCR with positives subtyped for A(H5), A(H7), and A(H9). Baseline sera from 695 workers and follow\u2010up sera from 89 workers with influenza A positive respiratory specimens were tested by microneutralization assay for antibodies to A(H5N1) clade 2.3.2.1a and A(H9N2) G1 lineage viruses circulating in poultry. A seropositive result was defined as a neutralizing antibody titer \u2265\u20091:40.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most LBM workers reported slaughtering (93.3%) and defeathering (84.5%) poultry. Ninety\u2010nine (14.1%) had \u2265\u20091 respiratory specimen that tested influenza A positive but negative for A(H1) and A(H3). Of these 99, subtyping identified 28 (28.3%) A(H9), 2 (2%) A(H5), 3 (3%) both A(H5) and A(H9), and 66 (66.7%) A (nonsubtypeable). Influenza A viruses were detected in air samples at 25 LBMs (59.5%), including A(H9) only in 10 LBMs (40%), A(H5) only in one (4%), both A(H5) and A(H9) in 13 (52%), and one A (nonsubtypeable) (4%). None of the participants were seropositive for AIVs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LBM workers had extensive exposure to AIVs, but none had serologic evidence of infection with A(H5N1) or A(H9N2) viruses circulating among poultry in Bangladesh. Ongoing surveillance of AIVs in LBMs and poultry workers is needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.70189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T04:06:24Z","timestamp":1763352384000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Cross\u2010Sectional Virological and Sero\u2010Epidemiological Study of Exposures to Avian Influenza A(H5N1) and A(H9N2) Viruses in Live Bird Market Workers in Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8577-8281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahbubur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Veterinary College  Hatfield UK"},{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control and Research  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5338-8668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy\u00a0M.","family":"Uyeki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malik","family":"Peiris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline\u00a0M.","family":"Cardwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Veterinary College  Hatfield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Nguipdop\u2010Djomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.\u00a0S.\u00a0M.","family":"Alamgir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control and Research  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.\u00a0K.\u00a0M.","family":"Muraduzzaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control and Research  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudipta","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control and Research  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md","family":"Giasuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI)  Savar Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md\u00a0Ahasanul","family":"Hoque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU)  Chattogram Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Montse","family":"Torremorell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmudur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control and Research  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Fourni\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Veterinary College  Hatfield UK"},{"name":"National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment  France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk\u00a0U.","family":"Pfeiffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Veterinary College  Hatfield UK"},{"name":"City University of Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meerjady\u00a0Sabrina","family":"Flora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control and Research  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Punam","family":"Mangtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v12070751"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","volume-title":"Cumulative Number of Confirmed Human Cases for Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Reported to WHO, 2003\u20102025, 25 August 2025","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","volume-title":"Global Human Cases With Influenza A(H5N1), 1997\u20132025","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1412.071567"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0037986"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152131"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2412.180879"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.05266-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12716"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy400"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00449-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1508.081754"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2104.141281"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","volume-title":"Paper presented at: Options for the Control of Influenza; 5\u201010 September, 2013; Cape Town, South Africa","author":"Sturm\u2010Ramirez K. M.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","volume-title":"Paper presented at: Prince Mahidol Award Conference (PMAC)29 January \u2010 3 February 2018; Bangkok, Thailand","author":"Osmani M.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.35.30331"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02204-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","volume-title":"Recommendations and Laboratory Procedures for Detection of Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus in Specimens From Suspected Human Cases","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","volume-title":"WHO Information for Molecular Diagnosis of Influenza Virus \u2010 Update","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/veaa046"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2021.2004865"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a118408"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","volume-title":"WHO Case Definition for Human Infections With Avian Influenza A(H5) Virus Requiring Notification Under IHR","author":"Global Influenza Programme","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v11070620"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0073200"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010864"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-020-01836-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2023-013146"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7344a3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v12050541"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2012.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44220-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2011.09.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu529"}],"container-title":["Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.70189","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/irv.70189","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.70189","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T03:20:32Z","timestamp":1782098432000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/irv.70189"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/irv.70189"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/irv.70189","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.70189\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.70189\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.70189\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.70189\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.70189\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"}],"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.22541\/au.174938958.80823095\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1750-2640","1750-2659"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1750-2640","type":"print"},{"value":"1750-2659","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70189"}}