{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T12:29:39Z","timestamp":1777984179440,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UC6\u2010AI058607"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UC6\u2010AI058607"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G20\u2010AI167200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G20\u2010AI167200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UC7\u2010AI180254"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UC7\u2010AI180254"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N93019C00050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N93019C00050"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005563","name":"Research Triangle Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005563","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The continuing circulation and evolution of seasonal influenza viruses remains a public health and socioeconomic threat on a global scale. Viral surveillance and vaccination of the public have been relied upon to confer and boost immunity in the population. Traditionally, influenza strains are propagated in embryonated chicken eggs, but this process remains imperfect and subject to genetic drift of the virus and a reliable source of eggs. Cell culture\u2010based propagation of influenza virus has recently been commercialized, but this method has been difficult to adapt to lab settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Madin\u2010Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells were adapted to thrive in serum\u2010free growth in suspension. The suspension MDCK (sMDCK) line was characterized by measuring replication and viability during routine passage and infection. Fifteen different influenza strains were propagated using this model and were assayed to determine hemagglutination and plaque forming units and compared to influenza strains grown in adherent cell culture. Microneutralization tests were also conducted to ensure each strain maintained the proper antigenicity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cell line was successfully adapted to serum\u2010free growth in suspension. For each virus strain, the sMDCK platform successfully produced a virus stock in 1\u20133\u2009days. Additionally, sMDCK progeny virus maintained its antigenicity based on neutralization assays.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This simple, scalable method was used to reliably propagate 15 influenza strains with the elimination of costly reagents and animal serum. The results are comparable to traditional methods, and the protocol presented in this work could be adapted to nearly any laboratory setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.70237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T05:41:41Z","timestamp":1773812501000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Strain Agnostic Influenza Virus Propagation in a Serum\u2010Free, Suspension\u2010Adapted MDCK Cell Line"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Jessica\u00a0B.","family":"Huskey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle\u00a0L.","family":"Rock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pooja\u00a0V.","family":"Chaudhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily\u00a0C.","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Madeline\u00a0E.","family":"Hoover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole\u00a0M.","family":"Rideout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamerin\u00a0D.","family":"Dean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas\u00a0Scott","family":"Alderman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Phong","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3890-5855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.\u00a0Anthony","family":"Moody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory\u00a0D.","family":"Sempowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RTI International  Research Triangle Park North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Thomas\u00a0H.","family":"Oguin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.064"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.09.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.0527"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(17)33293\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12963"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564\u2010019\u20100433\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.11.080"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573\u2010019\u20100056\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0224317"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2015.1026497"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.04.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.05.083"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.0c01372"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2023.2214219"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0905912106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.08.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141686"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.09.075"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm\u20102011\u20100650"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2010.09.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","volume-title":"Manual for the Laboratory Diagnosis and Virological Surveillance of Influenza","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a118408"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Serological Diagnosis of Influenza by Microneutralization Assay. Access 3 August 2023 2023 https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\u2010detail\u2010redirect\/serological\u2010diagnosis\u2010ofinfluenza\u2010by\u2010microneutralization\u2010assay."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.103.6.777"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Serological Detection of Avian Influenza a(H7N9) Virus Infections by Turkey Haemagglutination Inhibition Assay.2025 https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/m\/item\/cnic_serological_diagnosis_hai_a_h7n9."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.09.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01634\u201008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978\u20103\u2010540\u201092165\u20103_23"}],"container-title":["Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.70237","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/irv.70237","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.70237","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T09:21:04Z","timestamp":1774516864000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/irv.70237"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/irv.70237"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/irv.70237","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.70237\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.70237\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.70237\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1750-2640","1750-2659"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1750-2640","type":"print"},{"value":"1750-2659","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70237"}}