{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T07:02:38Z","timestamp":1779778958117,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Over the past two decades, West Africa has experienced recurrent incursions of Goose\/Guangdong\u2010lineage highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1), with Nigeria as a hotspot for repeated introductions and sustained circulation. Since 2021, European\u2010origin clade 2.3.4.4b H5Nx genotypes, particularly EA\u20102020\u2010C, have predominated in regional poultry. Here, we report the emergence and rapid spread in Nigeria, and West Africa, of a new clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 genotype, designated EA\u20102024\u2010DV, marking a major shift in the circulating virus population. These findings underscore the region's ongoing vulnerability to novel introductions and highlight the need for sustained surveillance across migratory bird routes and poultry production networks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.70260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T06:49:32Z","timestamp":1777358972000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Emergence and Rapid Spread of a New Reassortant High Pathogenicity H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b Avian Influenza Virus in Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7003-7528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clement","family":"Meseko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Veterinary Research Institute  Vom Plateau State Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca","family":"Zecchin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie Viale dell'Universit\u00e0  Legnaro (Padua) Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilie\u00a0Wolali","family":"Go\u2010Maro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Central V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire (LCV)  Lom\u00e9 Togo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Dianati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie Viale dell'Universit\u00e0  Legnaro (Padua) Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6337-1613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicodemus","family":"Mkpuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Veterinary Research Institute  Vom Plateau State Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1582-5956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bitrus","family":"Inuwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Veterinary Research Institute  Vom Plateau State Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Bakam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Veterinary Research Institute  Vom Plateau State Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1603-1285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kayode","family":"Olawuyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Veterinary Research Institute  Vom Plateau State Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorcas","family":"Gado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Veterinary Research Institute  Vom Plateau State Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edoardo","family":"Giussani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie Viale dell'Universit\u00e0  Legnaro (Padua) Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Fusaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie Viale dell'Universit\u00e0  Legnaro (Padua) Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessio","family":"Bortolami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie Viale dell'Universit\u00e0  Legnaro (Padua) Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Palumbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie Viale dell'Universit\u00e0  Legnaro (Padua) Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Calogero","family":"Terregino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie Viale dell'Universit\u00e0  Legnaro (Padua) Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabella","family":"Monne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie Viale dell'Universit\u00e0  Legnaro (Padua) Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v15061387"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"F. 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A.Meseko et\u00a0al. \u201cRecent Updates on High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza in Sub\u2010Saharan Africa (2019\u2013Present) \u201d FAO 2025 EMPRES\u2010Animal health [Internet] 360."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.13254"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/veae027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/cjm\u20102025\u20100199"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102148\u20107\u2010214"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","unstructured":"\u201cGenIn2 [Internet] \u201dhttps:\/\/github.com\/izsvenezie\u2010virology\/genin2."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/veaf011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2025.9191"}],"container-title":["Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.70260","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/irv.70260","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.70260","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T06:07:36Z","timestamp":1779775656000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/irv.70260"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/irv.70260"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/irv.70260","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1750-2640","1750-2659"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1750-2640","type":"print"},{"value":"1750-2659","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70260"}}