{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T07:02:38Z","timestamp":1779778958100,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,24]],"date-time":"2026-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSFC\u201082402586"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSFC\u201082402586"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFC2301500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2301500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rhinovirus (RV) is a common respiratory virus, but asymptomatic RV infections in adults still require further investigation. Nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) for COVID\u201019 markedly reduced other respiratory viruses, yet RV circulation appeared to persist. We describe the epidemiology of asymptomatic and symptomatic adult RV infections in Shanghai across periods with and without strict NPIs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We performed a retrospective, hospital\u2010based repeated cross\u2010sectional study at a large hospital in Shanghai over two epidemic cycles (March 2021 to February 2022 and June 2023 to May 2024). Adults undergoing routine SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 screening (asymptomatic group) and hospitalized adults with respiratory symptoms (symptomatic group) were systematically sampled. Nasopharyngeal swabs were tested by RT\u2010PCR, and RV\u2010positive samples underwent genotyping and quantitative viral load assessment. Clinical characteristics, co\u2010\/secondary infections, and age\u2010specific patterns were compared using\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      tests and nonparametric tests, and associations between RV prevalence and climate variables were evaluated using correlation analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 89,571 adults, 865 RV infections were identified. Asymptomatic RV detection remained low and similar during and after strict NPIs (0.68% vs. 0.56%). Adults aged 18\u201359\u2009years had higher asymptomatic infection rates than those \u2265\u200960\u2009years (0.68% vs. 0.55%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.022). RV\u2010A predominated, while RV\u2010C was associated with higher viral loads and more frequent symptoms. Total monthly rainfall showed the strongest negative correlation with asymptomatic RV prevalence (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.418,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.042). Symptomatic cases had higher co\u2010infection rates.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Persistent asymptomatic RV infections in young and middle\u2010aged adults were unaffected by NPIs. Older adults were more often symptomatic and experienced more frequent co\u2010infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.70267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T05:41:36Z","timestamp":1779687696000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Age\u2010Related Asymptomatic Rhinovirus Infections Contribute to the Sustained Prevalence in Adults and Are Not Mitigated by Nonpharmaceutical Interventions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Dong","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenyue","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weihui","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6289-6493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhitao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0598-6425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinxin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Clinical Research Center Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2019-214317"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2016.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v11060521"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-021-01645-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00223113"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e32831f8f1b"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2193"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v14010141"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0b013e3282f41cb6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/525542"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201202-0330OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201504-0749OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2015.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2021.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26959"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2021.100112"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"695","article-title":"Experience and Thinking on the Normalization Stage of Prevention and Control of COVID\u201019 in China","volume":"101","author":"Liang W. 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