{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T02:56:47Z","timestamp":1789527407942,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Backgrounds<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The antiviral drug prescription landscape has changed as new antivirals for influenza treatment have been approved. Understanding this landscape is important to assess potential under\u2010 and mis\u2010utilization and to address gaps in care. This study characterizes patterns in influenza antiviral use in US healthcare settings using a large claims database.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included prescriptions of four antivirals: oseltamivir, baloxavir, peramivir, and zanamivir in US healthcare settings between September 2016 and August 2023, using Komodo Health Database. We estimated the percentage of antiviral prescriptions associated with respiratory disease diagnoses, including influenza, COVID\u201019, and other respiratory conditions, and the percentage prescribed to patients at high risk of influenza complications. We used multinomial logistic regression to assess the association between patient and prescriber characteristics and the choice of antiviral.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between 865,885 and 3,092,822 influenza antiviral prescriptions were filled annually during the 2016\u20132017 through 2022\u20132023 influenza seasons among US insured individuals. Oseltamivir was the most prevalent antiviral type. Baloxavir use remained low, accounting for 1.8%\u20139.2% of total prescriptions since its 2018 approval. Between 55.6% and 75.4% of prescriptions had an associated influenza diagnosis, with the lowest proportion observed during the 2020\u20132021 season. Between 2.59% and 5.35% of antivirals were prescribed to high\u2010risk patients. Influenza diagnosis and patient age were associated with prescribing baloxavir rather than oseltamivir.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among US insured individuals, oseltamivir remained the most prescribed antiviral during the 2016\u20132017 through 2022\u20132023 seasons, a pattern consistent with its broader FDA\u2010approved indication across age groups and care settings relative to baloxavir, peramivir, and zanamivir.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.70287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T02:30:53Z","timestamp":1782268253000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Influenza Antiviral Prescriptions in the US Inpatient and Outpatient Settings During the 2015\u20132022 Influenza Seasons"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Kyueun","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Comparative Health Outcomes Policy and Economics (CHOICE) Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington  Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anirban","family":"Basu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Comparative Health Outcomes Policy and Economics (CHOICE) Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington  Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1134-4178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janet A.","family":"Englund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"A Narrative Review of Influenza: A Seasonal and Pandemic Disease","volume":"42","author":"Moghadami M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2007.10.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-023-02432-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-013-2023-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)62449-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19053018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","unstructured":"\u201cTreating Flu With Antiviral Drugs \u201d Accessed Sep 9 2025. Available at:https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/flu\/treatment\/antiviral\u2010drugs.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1656"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7345a2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","unstructured":"Komodo Health Map Accessed June 5 2025 Available at:https:\/\/www.komodohealth.com\/solutions\/healthcare\u2010map\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7005a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","unstructured":"\u201cPeople at Increased Risk for Flu Complications \u201d Accessed June 5 2025."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.8.1016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1716197"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy874"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-024-01027-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S86460"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","first-page":"751","article-title":"Influenza: Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":"100","author":"Gaitonde D. Y.","year":"2019","journal-title":"American Family Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B2000479"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v13071314"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2023.01641"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1088882"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7246a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.28019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.07.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix922"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002747"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.8255"}],"container-title":["Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.70287","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/irv.70287","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.70287","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T13:40:26Z","timestamp":1786542026000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/irv.70287"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/irv.70287"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/irv.70287","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1750-2640","1750-2659"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1750-2640","type":"print"},{"value":"1750-2659","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70287"}}