{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:05:16Z","timestamp":1790809516207,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In 2025, Taiwan implemented paired sera surveillance among occupational contacts of avian influenza viruses (AIVs). Of 122 contacts analyzed, 117 (95.9%) remained asymptomatic with high personal protective equipment compliance (91.8%). No seroconversion was detected against AIV A(H5N2) clade 2.3.4.4b. These findings suggest a low risk of human infection despite persistent poultry outbreaks, provide timely serological evidence during the ongoing outbreak, and demonstrate the effectiveness of Taiwan's integrated human\u2010animal surveillance in early risk characterization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.70297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T06:24:43Z","timestamp":1784615083000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Serological Surveillance of Avian Influenza Virus Exposure Using Paired Sera Among Occupational Contacts in Taiwan, January\u2013September 2025"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1711-0084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chieh\u2010Yu","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control Ministry of Health and Welfare  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9061-3539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsung\u2010Pei","family":"Tsou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control Ministry of Health and Welfare  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Po\u2010Wei","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control Ministry of Health and Welfare  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu\u2010Er","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control Ministry of Health and Welfare  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I\u2010Ling","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control Ministry of Health and Welfare  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao\u2010Tsun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control Ministry of Health and Welfare  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming\u2010Tsan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control Ministry of Health and Welfare  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi\u2010Chien","family":"Chih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control Ministry of Health and Welfare  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization \u201cAssessment of Risk Associated With Recent Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Viruses Geneva WHO \u201d (2022) Dec 21. Available from https:\/\/cdn.who.int\/media\/docs\/default\u2010source\/influenza\/avian\u2010and\u2010other\u2010zoonotic\u2010influenza\/h5\u2010risk\u2010assessment\u2010dec\u20102022.pdf?sfvrsn=a496333a_1&download=true."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07766-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2021.104885"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","unstructured":"Veterinary Research Institute Ministry of Agriculture Taiwan \u201cAnalysis of avian influenza Virus in the First Quarter of 2023 \u201d (2023) https:\/\/www.nvri.gov.tw\/Module\/DisplayPageContent.aspx?pid=Tax3KkHaA1Q%3d."},{"issue":"17","key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","first-page":"2965","article-title":"Serological Investigation of Avian Influenza Virus Antibodies Among Poultry\u2010Related Workers in Taiwan, 2017","volume":"37","author":"Lin H. Y.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Taiwan Epidemiology Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control Ministry of Health and Welfare Taiwan \u201cSeroepidemiological Study on Human Infection of Avian Influenza Among Risk Groups in Taiwan \u201d (2022) https:\/\/ah.cdc.gov.tw\/planOne?pid=1529."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","unstructured":"Animal and Plant Health Inspection Agency Ministry of Agriculture Taiwan \u201cResponse Measures for Confirmed Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Outbreaks \u201d (2025) https:\/\/ai.gov.tw\/ws.php?id=2839."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization \u201cH5 Case Definitions Geneva WHO \u201d (2024) Nov 4. Available from https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global\u2010influenza\u2010programme\/avian\u2010influenza\/case\u2010definitions."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control \u201cTesting and Detection of Zoonotic Influenza Virus Infections in Humans in the EU\/EEA and Occupational Safety and Health Measures for Those Exposed at Work [Internet] Stockholm ECDC \u201d (2022) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2900\/852604."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention USA \u201cRecommendations for Monitoring and Testing of Individuals Exposed to A(H5N1) Viruses \u201d (2025) https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/bird\u2010flu\/php\/surveillance\/index.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13061391"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","unstructured":"M.Barron \u201cAvian Influenza (H5N1) Vaccines: What's the Status? [Internet] \u201d Washington (DC): American Society for Microbiology; 2025 Mar 4. Available from https:\/\/asm.org\/articles\/2025\/march\/avian\u2010influenza\u2010h5n1\u2010vaccines\u2010what\u2010status."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Seasonal Influenza Prevention and Control in Taiwan: Strategies Revisited","volume":"118","author":"Su C. P.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of the Formosan Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.4.937-943.1999"}],"container-title":["Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.70297","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/irv.70297","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.70297","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T13:40:22Z","timestamp":1786542022000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/irv.70297"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/irv.70297"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/irv.70297","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1750-2640","1750-2659"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1750-2640","type":"print"},{"value":"1750-2659","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70297"}}