{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T04:27:55Z","timestamp":1787632075252,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ABO blood group has been associated with SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 susceptibility. Little data exist regarding the impact of ABO and Rhesus (Rh[D]) type on breakthrough infections and antibody responses following SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 booster vaccination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This multicenter, population\u2010based cohort study includes individuals \u2265\u200918\u2009years who received a booster vaccination against SARS\u2010CoV\u20102. Antibody levels against SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 receptor binding domain (RBD) and neutralizing antibodies against wild\u2010type (WT) virus and Omicron variant were assessed at baseline, after 4\u2009weeks and after 6 months. At 6\u2009months follow\u2010up, self\u2010reported ABO and Rh(D) type, time to, and severity of breakthrough infections were collected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, 3066 participants (mean age 49 [35\u201359], 62% female) were included in multivariable regression models, showing no association of anti\u2010RBD and neutralizing antibodies against wild\u2010type and Omicron variant with ABO or Rh(D) 4\u2009weeks after booster vaccination. Time\u2010dependent Cox regression analysis showed significantly lower rates of breakthrough infections in patients with AB (hazard ratio [HR] 0.67 [0.50\u20130.90];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.008) compared to O, even after adjustment for relevant covariates and a trend for blood group B (HR 0.82 [0.66\u20131.01];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.06) compared to O; there were no associations between Rh(D) and breakthrough infection rates or between observed (asymptomatic to moderate) COVID\u201019 symptom severity and ABO or Rh(D) blood group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ABO or Rh(D) blood group was not associated with COVID\u201019 severity or antibody responses following SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 vaccination. Breakthrough infections were least common in blood groups AB and B. Although our data do not support previously discussed protective effects of anti\u2010A\/B\/Rh(D) agglutinins, differences in ABO group appear relevant for Omicron transmission.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.70300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T14:12:37Z","timestamp":1785334357000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of ABO Blood System on Immunogenicity and Vaccine Efficacy of COVID\u201019 Booster Vaccination\u2014A Population\u2010Based Study of 3066 Individuals"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Daniela","family":"Sieghart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology Medical University Vienna  Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Musculoskeletal Disorders Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Galateja","family":"Jordakieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Musculoskeletal Disorders Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine Medical University Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"D\u00fcrrschmid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology Medical University Vienna  Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Musculoskeletal Disorders Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia A.","family":"Hana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology Medical University Vienna  Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Musculoskeletal Disorders Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan Vi","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology Medical University Vienna  Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Musculoskeletal Disorders Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6921-1493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonhard X.","family":"Heinz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology Medical University Vienna  Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Musculoskeletal Disorders Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helmuth","family":"Haslacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Zlesak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology Medical University Vienna  Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Musculoskeletal Disorders Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentin","family":"Marzoner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology Medical University Vienna  Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Musculoskeletal Disorders Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Nasztl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology Medical University Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Piccini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vismederi srl  Siena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Manenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vismederi srl  Siena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Montomoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vismederi srl  Siena Italy"},{"name":"Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine University of Siena  Siena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5500-5878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anselm","family":"Jorda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology Medical University Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clemens","family":"Fedrizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology Medical University Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Hasenoehrl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Musculoskeletal Disorders Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine Medical University Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrej","family":"Zdravkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Musculoskeletal Disorders Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine Medical University Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karolina","family":"Anderle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology Medical University Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ursula","family":"Wiedermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine Medical University Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Drapalik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arbeiter\u2010Samariter\u2010Bund Wien  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helmut","family":"Steinbrecher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arbeiter\u2010Samariter\u2010Bund Wien  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1224-9036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix","family":"Bergmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology Medical University Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christa","family":"Firbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology Medical University Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine Medical University Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margherita","family":"Leonardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vismederi srl  Siena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Pierleoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vismederi srl  Siena Italy"},{"name":"Monoclonal Antibody Discovery (MAD) Lab Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences  Siena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matilde","family":"Ballini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vismederi srl  Siena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Benincasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vismederi srl  Siena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Marchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vismederi srl  Siena Italy"},{"name":"Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine University of Siena  Siena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia Maria","family":"Trombetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vismederi srl  Siena Italy"},{"name":"Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine University of Siena  Siena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Perkmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Crevenna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Musculoskeletal Disorders Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine Medical University Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Zeitlinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology Medical University Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Bonelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology Medical University Vienna  Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Musculoskeletal Disorders Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Aletaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology Medical University Vienna  Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Musculoskeletal Disorders Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helga","family":"Radner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology Medical University Vienna  Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Musculoskeletal Disorders Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21307\/immunohematology-2019-231"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.htct.2022.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2020283"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9084(01)01321-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2022.105658"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00109-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13087"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199104000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2023.04.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1356932"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08792-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwn093"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29438"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","article-title":"COVID\u201019 mRNA Vaccination, ABO Blood Type and the Severity of Self\u2010Reported Reactogenicity in a Large Healthcare System: A Brief Report of a Cross\u2010Sectional Study","volume":"13","author":"Allan J. D.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00123-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac840"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2024.105661"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/hvaa198"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03149-20"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bio.2018.0032"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25986"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","article-title":"Antibody Response to BNT162b2 SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 mRNA Vaccine Is Not Influenced by AB0 Blood Group in Subjects With Transfusion\u2010Dependent Thalassemia","volume":"93","author":"Sgherza N.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Bio\u2010Medica"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.13340"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.13241"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.09.067"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10081170"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.13815"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.799519"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v13020160"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","unstructured":"Federal Ministry for Social Affairs Health Care and Consumer Protection of Austria (2023) https:\/\/www.gesundheit.gv.at\/labor\/laborwerte\/blutgruppenserologie\u2010transfusion\/blutgruppenuntersuchung.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13114"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-020-04169-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.18086"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0296917"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1761202"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transci.2022.103357"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100785"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104485"}],"container-title":["Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.70300","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/irv.70300","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.70300","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T04:13:08Z","timestamp":1787631188000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/irv.70300"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/irv.70300"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/irv.70300","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1750-2640","1750-2659"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1750-2640","type":"print"},{"value":"1750-2659","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70300"}}