{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T08:50:00Z","timestamp":1791967800132,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000276","name":"Department of Health and Social Care","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000276","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018336","name":"National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018336","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000276","name":"Department of Health and Social Care","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000276","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A range of surveillance systems have been employed in England to monitor respiratory illness, including participatory, syndromic and laboratory datasets. Combined, they can provide powerful insights on the spectrum of respiratory illness across the population. We compared trends across these datasets over three successive winters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participatory, syndromic and laboratory surveillance datasets from the UK Health Security Agency were integrated. Winter trends in influenza\u2010like illness (ILI), using a standardised definition, were described and compared across datasets, 2022\/2023 to 2024\/2025, using the cross\u2010correlation function (CCF). Multivariable (beta and negative binomial) regression models were used to explore the association between ILI and SARS\u2010CoV\u20102, influenza and RSV positivity in each dataset.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Trends in ILI align well across participatory surveillance systems, with ILI peaking around Weeks 50\u201352 each season. Participatory surveillance system trends align well with syndromic healthcare use for ILI, with ILI symptoms peaking about a week before healthcare use. ILI in each dataset is driven by a different combination of respiratory viruses, with ILI in the community driven by a combination of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102, influenza and RSV, whereas healthcare attendance was driven by influenza only.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While each surveillance system differs in its purpose and population, trends in ILI align across datasets. Comparing a range of surveillance systems can provide increased confidence in each system. While syndromic healthcare use surveillance systems highlight the burden of severe illness, integration with participatory surveillance systems can demonstrate the wider burden across a spectrum of severity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.70323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T11:46:53Z","timestamp":1789645613000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["What Different Surveillance Systems Tell Us About Winter Respiratory Illness in England: A Time\u2010Series Analysis Combining Participatory, Syndromic and Laboratory Datasets, 2022\u20132025"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7017-2715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katie","family":"Munro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections Division United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA)  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8743-0817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathon","family":"Mellor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Modelling team United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA)  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andre","family":"Charlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Modelling team United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA)  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Todkill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Real\u2010Time Syndromic Surveillance Team, Field Services, Health Protection in the Regions Chief Medical Advisor Group  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6414-3065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex J.","family":"Elliot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Real\u2010Time Syndromic Surveillance Team, Field Services, Health Protection in the Regions Chief Medical Advisor Group  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Real\u2010Time Syndromic Surveillance Team, Field Services, Health Protection in the Regions Chief Medical Advisor Group  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4606-5945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gavin","family":"Dabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunisation and Vaccine\u2010Preventable Diseases Division United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA)  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"SIREN Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7241-6345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Foulkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections Division United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA)  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8744-4277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections Division United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA)  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"195","article-title":"The Effects of the COVID\u201019 Pandemic on Community Respiratory Virus Activity","volume":"21","author":"Chow E. 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