{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T08:50:00Z","timestamp":1791967800755,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The high\u2010pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) viruses represent a main threat to animal and human health, poultry productivity, and ecosystems. The newly evolved A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b has become a worldwide concern for its expanding multihost ecology, including poultry and a wide range of mammalian species.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Avian influenza virus (AIV) was isolated from an outbreak in commercial quail farms associated with severe respiratory signs and high mortality. Molecular characterization of the detected virus was performed through gene sequencing via whole\u2010genome sequencing technology and phylogenetic analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Genetic and phylogenetic analyses revealed that the hemagglutinin (HA) gene clustered closely with a recent HPAI A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b strain from live bird markets (LBMs) in Bangladesh, with a most recent common ancestor dated to July 2023. The NA gene and four internal genes (PB1, NP, MP, NS) were derived from contemporary A(H5N1) viruses of ducks in LBMs, while the PB2 and PA segments exhibited similarity to low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) viruses, suggesting reassortment events within avian hosts. The presence of a multibasic cleavage site (PLREKRRKR\u2193GLF) with avian\u2010specific receptor\u2010binding residues (Q224 and G226) and five conserved glycosylation motifs, consistent with high\u2010pathogenicity phenotypes and strong avian receptor affinity. The PB2 gene harbored a rare I147T substitution; however, key mammalian adaptation markers such as E627K and D701N were absent.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The reassortant A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus with high pathogenicity and genetic links to LBM\u2010origin strains is now circulating in the commercial poultry population in Bangladesh, increasing the risk of viral adaptation, the potential for cross\u2010species transmission, and threatening the poultry sector and public health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.70324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:56:51Z","timestamp":1790038611000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Emergence of Novel Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b in Commercial Poultry, Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7329-7325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed A.","family":"Samad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza (NRL\u2010AI), Transboundary Animal Disease Research Center Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute  Savar Dhaka Bangladesh"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Transboundary Animal Disease Research Center Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute  Savar Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9046-3759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Rezaul","family":"Karim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza (NRL\u2010AI), Transboundary Animal Disease Research Center Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute  Savar Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9543-7317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amelia","family":"Coggon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Veterinary College  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9676-8003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anowar","family":"Hossen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Transboundary Animal Disease Research Center Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute  Savar Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. S. M. Ashab","family":"Uddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Transboundary Animal Disease Research Center Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute  Savar Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3176-6821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Golbar","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences University of Rajshahi  Rajshahi Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Fournie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE)  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola S.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Veterinary College  London UK"},{"name":"Worldwide Influenza Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza The Francis Crick Institute  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7448-8200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander M. 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