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This prospective clinical study aims to clarify a potential influence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNP<\/jats:styled-content> therapy on vessel proliferation and hypoxia in chronic wounds. TNP was applied on chronic wounds of 16 patients (\u2212125 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mmHg<\/jats:styled-content>) to prepare them for a plastic\u2010surgical reconstruction using free or pedicled flaps. Tissue biopsies were taken from the wound edge and wound bed at different time points. All samples were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, hypoxia\u2010induced factor\u20101\u03b1 and endothelial cell markers (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD31<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD34<\/jats:styled-content>) for the immunohistological analysis of inflammation, hypoxia and vessel proliferation. Between day 5 and day 8\u2009of treatment, a considerable increase in blood vessel density could be observed, reaching a maximum of approximately 200% in contrast to the vessel density prior to treatment. In addition, the number of hypoxic and inflammatory cells was found to be increased at particular time points. This study demonstrates a stimulating effect on vessel proliferation under <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNP<\/jats:styled-content> treatment. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNP<\/jats:styled-content> appears to support (neo\u2010) angiogenesis and transformation of chronic non\u2010healing wounds in a physiological wound healing process when combined with surgical debridement. This effect underlines the positive influence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNP<\/jats:styled-content> in the treatment of chronic wounds as shown by various clinical reports.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,13]],"date-time":"2013-09-13T08:33:17Z","timestamp":1379061197000},"page":"501-509","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Vessel transformation in chronic wounds under topical negative pressure therapy: an immunohistochemical analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Carmen CM","family":"Malsiner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery Friedrich\u2010Alexander\u2010University of Erlangen\u2010Nuremberg Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marweh","family":"Schmitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery Friedrich\u2010Alexander\u2010University of Erlangen\u2010Nuremberg Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymund E","family":"Horch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery Friedrich\u2010Alexander\u2010University of Erlangen\u2010Nuremberg Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea K","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology Friedrich\u2010Alexander\u2010University of Erlangen\u2010Nuremberg Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mareike","family":"Leffler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery Friedrich\u2010Alexander\u2010University of Erlangen\u2010Nuremberg Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1534734604268092"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000227675.63744.af"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000222551.10793.51"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02716212"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.05.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2310\/7750.2008.07073"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"iii","article-title":"Vacuum assisted closure: recommendations for use. 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