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Microbiological findings of swab samples of abscess\u2010forming <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PS<\/jats:styled-content> from 2000 to 2010 were evaluated. Within this time span, 73 swab samples were taken from primary sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pPS<\/jats:styled-content>) and 23 swab samples of patients with recurring sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">rPS<\/jats:styled-content>). Our results show a statistically significant shift of the bacterial flora towards the gram\u2010positive range (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090\u00b7029) and a shift with tendency towards the aerobic range (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090\u00b7090). Pathogens of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pPS<\/jats:styled-content> are not always solely anaerobic or gram\u2010negative, and those of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">rPS<\/jats:styled-content> not always aerobic or gram\u2010positive.  Therefore, antibiosis preceding microbiological examination should cover both the aerobic and anaerobic bacteria as well as the gram\u2010positive and the gram\u2010negative spectrum.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,24]],"date-time":"2014-04-24T11:05:36Z","timestamp":1398337536000},"page":"231-237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Microbiology of the infected recurrent sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Ardelt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery University of Jena  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yves","family":"Dittmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery University of Jena  Jena 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