{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T23:09:02Z","timestamp":1776208142862,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,28]],"date-time":"2018-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Wound Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Varicose veins (VVs) and varicose ulceration (VU) are usually considered non\u2010life\u2010threatening conditions, but in some cases they can lead to major complications such as fatal bleeding. The aim of this systematic review is to evidence the most updated information on bleeding from VV and VU. As evidence acquisition, we planned to include all the studies dealing with \u201cHaemorrhage\/Bleeding\u201d and \u201cVVs\/VU\u201d. We excluded all the studies, which did not properly fit our research question, and with insufficient data. As evidence synthesis, of the 172 records found, after removing of duplicates, and after records excluded in title and abstract, 85 matched our inclusion criteria. After reading the full\u2010text articles, we decided to exclude 68 articles because of the following reasons: (1) not responding properly to our research questions; (2) insufficient data; the final set included 17 articles. From literature searching, we identify the following main issues to be discussed in the review: epidemiology and predisposing factors, pathophysiology and forensic aspects, first aid.<\/jats:p><jats:p>It has been estimated that deaths for bleeding due to peripheral venous problems account up to 0.01% of autopsy cases. From a pathological point of view, venous bleeding may arise from either acute or chronic perforation of an enlarged vein segment through the weakened skin. From a forensic point of view, in cases of fatal haemorrhage the death scene can even simulate non\u2010natural events, due to crime or suicide. In most cases, incorrect first aid led to fatal complications. Further investigation on epidemiology and prevention measures are needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,29]],"date-time":"2018-05-29T05:34:08Z","timestamp":1527572048000},"page":"829-833","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Haemorrhage from varicose veins and varicose ulceration: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Raffaele","family":"Serra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL). International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology University Magna Gr\u00e6cia of Catanzaro  Catanzaro Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences University Magna Gr\u00e6cia of Catanzaro  Catanzaro Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Ielapi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL). International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology University Magna Gr\u00e6cia of Catanzaro  Catanzaro Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Egidio","family":"Bevacqua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL). International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology University Magna Gr\u00e6cia of Catanzaro  Catanzaro Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"Rizzuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences University Magna Gr\u00e6cia of Catanzaro  Catanzaro Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"De Caridi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences Messina University  Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mafalda","family":"Massara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Surgery Unit SS. Annunziata Hospital  Taranto Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Filomena","family":"Casella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Legal, Historical, Economic and Social Sciences University Magna Gr\u00e6cia of Catanzaro  Catanzaro Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Di Mizio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Legal, Historical, Economic and Social Sciences University Magna Gr\u00e6cia of Catanzaro  Catanzaro Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"de Franciscis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL). International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology University Magna Gr\u00e6cia of Catanzaro  Catanzaro Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences University Magna Gr\u00e6cia of Catanzaro  Catanzaro Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"34","article-title":"Epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of chronic venous disease: a systematic review","volume":"29","author":"Serra R","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chirurgia"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2011.11.036"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of chronic leg ulcers: a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Serra R","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Phlebolol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-5-488"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)93325-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAF.0b013e31814250b3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2010.06.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.52.6.377"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","unstructured":"National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools(2008). Quality Checklist for Health Care Intervention Studies. Hamilton ON: McMaster University. (Updated June 1 2010). Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/www.nccmt.ca\/resources\/search\/9. Accessed July 11 2017."},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","first-page":"427","article-title":"An unusual cause of stillbirth: maternal hemorrhage from ankle varicosity","volume":"47","author":"Batman LS","year":"1975","journal-title":"Del Med J"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","first-page":"303","article-title":"Bleeding from varicose vein \u2013 still potentially fatal. A case report","volume":"67","author":"Toit DF","year":"1985","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(88)80511-0"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","first-page":"178","article-title":"Management of sudden profuse bleeding from varicose veins","volume":"113","author":"McCarthy WJ","year":"1993","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-199406000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.paf.0000176283.19127.0e"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcfm.2006.02.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvsextra.2007.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/jrsm.2008.080132"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2009.01101.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvsextra.2011.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.legalmed.2010.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0025817216678712"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","article-title":"Ruptured varicose veins and fatal hemorrhage","author":"Gilbert JD","year":"2017","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Med Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12815"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2004.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/msl.2010.010129"}],"container-title":["International Wound Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fiwj.12934","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/iwj.12934","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]],"date-time":"2023-09-18T11:29:24Z","timestamp":1695036564000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/iwj.12934"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,28]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/iwj.12934"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/iwj.12934","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-4801","1742-481X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-4801","type":"print"},{"value":"1742-481X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-03-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-04-15","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-05-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}