{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T05:38:30Z","timestamp":1776749910747,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,30]],"date-time":"2019-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Wound Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>After the introduction of cocaine to the medical practice, local anaesthetics (LA) became essential in pain control. LA infiltration along the incision may be used to provide surgical anaesthesia or postoperative analgesia. This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial effects of the topical antimicrobial agent mupirocine with those of the LA lidocaine and the combination of lidocaine and adrenalin. In our study, the in vitro antimicrobial effects of 1\u2009mL sterile saline, 20\u2009mg\/mL mupirocine, 20\u2009mg\/mL Lidocaine, and 20 mg\/mL Lidocaine and Adrenaline were tested against <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> American type culture collection (ATCC) 29213, <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> ATCC 27853, and <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> ATCC 25922 as Group C (Control), Group M (Mupirocine), Group L (Lidocaine), and Group LA (Lidocaine\u2009+\u2009adrenaline), respectively. <jats:italic>S aureus<\/jats:italic> ATCC 29213, <jats:italic>P aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> ATCC 27853, and <jats:italic>E coli<\/jats:italic> ATCC 25922 were cultured onto Mueller\u2013Hinton agar (Oxoid, UK) plates for 18 to 24\u2009hours at 37\u00b0C. Colonies from these plates were suspended in sterile saline and a 0.5 McFarland turbidity standard suspension (corresponding to 1.5\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\u2009CFU\/mL) of each isolate was prepared. <jats:italic>S Aureus<\/jats:italic> ATCC 29213 inhibition zone diameter values of Group M, Group LA, and Group L were significantly higher compared with the group C (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u02c2 0.05). <jats:italic>P aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> ATCC 27853 inhibition zone diameter values of Group M and Group LA were significantly higher compared with the group C (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u02c2 0.05). <jats:italic>E coli<\/jats:italic> ATCC 25922 inhibition zone diameter values of Group M, Group LA, and Group L were significantly higher compared to the group C (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u02c2 0.05). LA infiltration along the incision may be used to provide surgical anaesthesia or postoperative analgesia. Considering that LAs show antimicrobial effects besides their analgesic effects, they may contribute to preventing the development and reducing the rate of surgical infections, decreasing the requirement to administer antibiotics. However, caution should be exercised not to antagonise the effective treatment of surgical infections, remembering that controversy on the antimicrobial effects of LAs remains in the literature. Therefore, further comprehensive studies with larger patient populations are warranted to demonstrate the antimicrobial effects of LAs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.13153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,31]],"date-time":"2019-05-31T06:55:31Z","timestamp":1559285731000},"page":"1029-1033","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Antimicrobial effects of local anaesthetics"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ugur","family":"Kesici","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery University of Beykent  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehmet","family":"Demirci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology University of Beykent  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sevgi","family":"Kesici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital University of Health Sciences  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2007.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e318273f48e"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeq093"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17245\/jdapm.2016.16.1.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/2000-1967-211"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","unstructured":"CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute). 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