{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:39:59Z","timestamp":1792175999114,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]],"date-time":"2021-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Wound Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    There is a lifetime risk of 15% to 25% of development of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) in patients with diabetes mellitus. DFUs need to be followed up on and assessed for development of complications and\/or resolution, which was traditionally performed using manual measurement. Our study aims to compare the intra\u2010 and inter\u2010rater reliability of an artificial intelligence\u2010enabled wound imaging mobile application (CARES4WOUNDS [C4W] system, Tetsuyu, Singapore) with traditional measurement. This is a prospective cross\u2010sectional study on 28 patients with DFUs from June 2020 to January 2021. The main wound parameters assessed were length and width. For traditional manual measurement, area was calculated by overlaying traced wound on graphical paper. Intra\u2010 and inter\u2010rater reliability was analysed using intra\u2010class correlation statistics. A value of &lt;0.5, 0.5\u20130.75, 0.75\u20130.9, and &gt;0.9 indicates poor, moderate, good, and excellent reliability, respectively. Seventy\u2010five wound episodes from 28 patients were collected and a total of 547 wound images were analysed in this study. The median wound area during the first clinic consultation and all wound episodes was 3.75\u2009cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    (interquartile range [IQR] 1.40\u201316.50) and 3.10\u00a0cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    (IQR 0.60\u201314.84), respectively. There is excellent intra\u2010rater reliability of C4W on three different image captures of the same wound (intra\u2010rater reliability ranging 0.933\u20130.994). There is also excellent inter\u2010rater reliability between three C4W devices for length (0.947), width (0.923), and area (0.965). Good inter\u2010rater reliability for length, width, and area (range 0.825\u20130.934) was obtained between wound nurse measurement and each of the C4W devices. In conclusion, we obtained good inter\u2010rater and intra\u2010rater reliability of C4W measurements against traditional wound measurement. The C4W is a useful adjunct in monitoring DFU wound progress.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.13603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]],"date-time":"2021-05-04T08:08:18Z","timestamp":1620115698000},"page":"114-124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Clinical validation of an artificial intelligence\u2010enabled wound imaging mobile application in diabetic foot ulcers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9533-801X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai Siang","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery Vascular Surgery Service  11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yam Meng","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery Vascular Surgery Service  11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey Hui Min","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery Vascular Surgery Service  11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanying","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery Vascular Surgery Service  11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan Teng","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery Vascular Surgery Service  11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiantai","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery Vascular Surgery Service  11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enming","family":"Yong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery Vascular Surgery Service  11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lester Rhan Chaen","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery Vascular Surgery Service  11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery Vascular Surgery Service  11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenn Wei Leong","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery Vascular Surgery Service  11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadhana","family":"Chandrasekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery Vascular Surgery Service  11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2289-5266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiwen Joseph","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery Vascular Surgery Service  11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2991\/jegh.k.191028.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v7.i7.153"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/jjm.11680"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2840-11-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2011.10.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/296169"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.13333"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.13540"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","unstructured":"WoundSource.Wound Assessment & Monitoring Systems. 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