{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T13:42:43Z","timestamp":1790602963430,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]],"date-time":"2022-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002081","name":"Irish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EPSPG\/2019\/475"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EPSPG\/2019\/475"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002081","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Wound Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pressure ulcer (PU) prevention in the intensive care unit (ICU) is an important clinical issue as critically unwell patients are at high risk of developing PUs. However, current methods of PU detection are limited, especially for early detection. This study aimed to establish the correlation between Interleukin\u20101\u03b1 (IL\u20101\u03b1)\/total protein (TP) and sub\u2010epidermal moisture (SEM) measurements in the early identification of PUs in ICU patients. This study employed an observational research design using the STROBE guidelines. Following ethical approval, 53 participants were recruited and sebum was obtained using Sebutape from weight\u2010bearing areas (sacrum, heels and a control site). SEM measurements were taken from the same anatomical sites. Both measures were taken at the same time and participants were followed up for 5\u2009days, or until discharge or death. Correlations between SEM delta measurements, IL\u20101\u03b1, TP and PU incidence and other demographic information were explored using Spearman's correlation for data not normally distributed, and Pearson's <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic> correlation coefficient for normally distributed data. Mean baseline SEM delta measurements indicate abnormal readings for all anatomical sites except the control site, consistent with previous studies. Mean baseline IL\u20101\u03b1\/TP readings were higher for the sacrum versus both heels and, on average, readings were higher for the control site versus all other anatomical locations. This is conflicting, given that the control site was non\u2010weight bearing. There were very weak or weak correlations between SEM delta measurements and IL\u20101\u03b1\/TP readings. SEM measurements are quick and easy to obtain and results are instant, however Sebutape sampling takes significantly longer and is challenging to conduct among haemodynamically unstable patients. Obtaining SEM measurements is more practical and feasible than Sebutape sampling to assess for the presence of inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.13930","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]],"date-time":"2022-08-21T22:58:45Z","timestamp":1661122725000},"page":"831-844","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Biomarkers for the early detection of pressure ulcers in the intensive care setting: A comparison between <scp>sub\u2010epidermal<\/scp> moisture measurements and interleukin\u20101\u03b1"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7533-166X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie","family":"McEvoy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Declan","family":"Patton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"Skin Wounds and Trauma (SWaT) Research Centre Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"Fakeeh College of Health Sciences  Jeddah Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery Griffith University  Gold Coast Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health University of Wollongong  Wollongong New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ger","family":"Curley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Critical Care Beaumont Hospital  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"Boland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Data Science Centre, Division of Biostatistics and Population Health Sciences Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cathal","family":"Kearney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst  Amherst Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Kearney Lab, Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"Trinity Centre for Bioengineering Trinity College  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Hogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aoife","family":"Keogh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4692-9718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zena","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"Skin Wounds and Trauma (SWaT) Research Centre Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"Fakeeh College of Health Sciences  Jeddah Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery Griffith University  Gold Coast Queensland Australia"},{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences Ulster University  Coleraine Northern Ireland UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Characteristics of intensive care unit (ICU) patients with pressure ulcers present on admission, acquired in ICU or no ulceration: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Ahtiala M","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wounds Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478\u20105153.2007.00249.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102753.2007.00918.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Results of the 2008\u20132009 international pressure ulcer prevalence survey and a 3\u2010year, acute care, unit\u2010specific analysis","volume":"55","author":"VanGilder C","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ostomy\/Wound Manag"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.12825"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/204577211x13209212104141"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtv.2018.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Using technology to advance pressure ulcer risk assessment and self\u2010care: challenges and potential benefits","volume":"19","author":"Patton D","year":"2018","journal-title":"EWMA J"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtv.2018.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/derm.1.3.8473"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003\u20104819\u2010147\u20108\u2010200710160\u201000010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2048-7940.1987.tb00541.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","unstructured":"European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel.National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel and Pan Pacific Pressure Injury Alliance. Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers\/Injuries: Clinical Practice Guideline. The International Guideline. EPUAP\/NPIAP\/PPPIA.2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12974"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.15316"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00754"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0846.2001.70405.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2020.29.Sup2c.S10"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555\u20102709"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12938\u2010018\u20100470\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.13667"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.12368"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/MDER.S121712"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Color Textbook of Pediatric Dermatology","author":"Weston WL","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","volume-title":"Biochemical markers for early detection of superficial pressure ulcers","author":"Bronneberg D","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","volume-title":"The Prevalence Rate of Pressure Ulcers in the Acute Hospital Setting and Investigating Three Methods of Prevalence Measurement","author":"O'Connor R","year":"2016"}],"container-title":["International Wound Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/iwj.13930","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/iwj.13930","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/iwj.13930","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,19]],"date-time":"2025-04-19T03:00:28Z","timestamp":1745031628000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/iwj.13930"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/iwj.13930"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/iwj.13930","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-4801","1742-481X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-4801","type":"print"},{"value":"1742-481X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-06-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-08-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-08-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}