{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T12:59:06Z","timestamp":1789822746103,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]],"date-time":"2023-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Wound Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hospital\u2010acquired infections (HAIs) are considered a major challenge in health care systems. One of the main HAIs, playing an important role in increased morbidity and mortality, is surgical wound infection. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the incidence rate and risk factors of surgical wound infection in general surgery patients. This cross\u2010sectional study was performed on 506 patients undergoing general surgery at Razi hospital in Rasht from 2019 to 2020. Bacterial isolates, antibiotic susceptibility pattern, antibiotic administration, and its type, operation duration and shift, the urgency of surgery, people involved in changing dressings, length of hospitalisation, and levels of haemoglobin, albumin, and white blood cells after surgery were assessed. The frequency of surgical wound infection and its association with patient characteristics and laboratory results were evaluated. The SPSS software package (version 16.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used to analyse the data. Quantitative and qualitative variables were presented using mean (standard deviation) and number (percentage). The Shapiro\u2013Wilk test was used to evaluate the normality of the data in this study. The data did not have a normal distribution. Hence, <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> and Fisher's exact tests were used to evaluate the relationship between variables. Surgical wound infection occurred in 4.7% (24 cases) of patients with a mean age of 59.34 (SD\u00a0=\u00a014.61) years. Preoperative (&gt;3\u2009days) and postoperative (&gt;7\u2009days) hospitalisation, history of immunodeficiency (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u20090.001), and interns responsible for changing dressings (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.021) were associated with surgical wound infection incidence. About 9.5% and 4.4% of surgical wound infection cases were significantly associated with pre\u2010 and postoperative antibiotic use. Gram\u2010positive cocci were the most prevalent strains isolated from 24 surgical wound infection cases (15\/24, 62.5%). Among these, <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> was the predominant species, followed by coagulase\u2010negative staphylococci. In addition, the most common Gram\u2010negative isolates identified were <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> bacteria. Overall, administration of antibiotics, emergency surgery, surgery duration, and levels of white blood cells and creatinine were identified as surgical wound infection\u2010associated risk factors. Identifying important risk factors could help control or prevent surgical wound infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.14137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]],"date-time":"2023-03-10T05:48:19Z","timestamp":1678427299000},"page":"2640-2648","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["RETRACTED: Incidence rate and risk factors of surgical wound infection in general surgery patients: A cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Taghi","family":"Ashoobi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Razi Clinical Research Development Unit Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences  Rasht Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Asgary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Razi Clinical Research Development Unit Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences  Rasht Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milad","family":"Sarafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery Rasool\u2010e\u2010Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narjes","family":"Fathalipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Razi Clinical Research Development Unit Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences  Rasht Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Pirooz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Razi Clinical Research Development Unit Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences  Rasht Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zakiyeh","family":"Jafaryparvar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Razi Clinical Research Development Unit Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences  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