{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:52:44Z","timestamp":1787014364377,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Wound Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    There is an increasing use of non\u2010medicated wound dressing with claims of irreversible bacterial binding. Most of the data are from in vitro models which lack clinical relevance. This study employed a range of in vitro experiments to address this gap and we complemented our experimental designs with in vivo observations using dressings obtained from patients with diabetes\u2010related foot ulcers. A hydrophobic wound dressing was compared with a control silicone dressing in vitro. Test dressings were placed on top of a\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    challenge suspension with increasing concentrations of suspension inoculum in addition to supplementation with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or increased protein content (IPC). Next, we used the challenge suspensions obtained at the end of the first experiment, where bacterial loads from the suspensions were enumerated following test dressing exposure. Further, the time\u2010dependent bacterial attachment was investigated over 1 and 24\u2009h. Lastly, test dressings were exposed to a challenge suspension with IPC, with or without the addition of the bacteriostatic agent Deferiprone to assess the impacts of limiting bacterial growth in the experimental design. Lastly, two different wound dressings with claims of bacterial binding were obtained from patients with chronic diabetes\u2010related foot ulcers after 72\u2009h of application and observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Bacteria were enumerated from each dressing after a 1\u2010h exposure time. There was no statistical difference in bacterial attachment between both test dressings when using different suspension inoculum concentrations or test mediums. Bacterial attachment to the two test dressings was significantly lower (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) when IPC was used instead of PBS. In the challenge suspension with PBS, only the hydrophobic dressing achieved a statistically significant reduction in bacterial loads (0.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.05 log colony forming units;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.001). In the presence of IPC, there was no significant reduction in bacterial loads for either test dressing. When bacterial growth was arrested, attachment to the test dressings did not increase over time, suggesting that the number of bacteria on the test dressings increases over time due to bacterial growth. SEM identified widespread adsorption of host fouling across the test dressings which occurred prior to microbial binding. Therein, microbial attachment occurred predominantly to host fouling and not directly to the dressings. Bacterial binding is not unique to dialkylcarbamoyl chloride (DACC) dressings and under clinically relevant in vitro conditions and in vivo observations, we demonstrate (in addition to previously published work) that the bacterial binding capabilities are not effective at reducing the number of bacteria in laboratory models or human wounds.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.14416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T19:26:21Z","timestamp":1695929181000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the antimicrobial effectiveness of non\u2010medicated hydrophobic wound dressings"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Matthew","family":"Malone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Molnlycke Healthcare AB  Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"South West Sydney Limb Preservation and Wound Research South West Sydney Local Health District  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Medicine Western Sydney University  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Nygren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Molnlycke Healthcare AB  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tina","family":"Hamberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Molnlycke Healthcare AB  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Radzieta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South West Sydney Limb Preservation and Wound Research South West Sydney Local Health District  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Medicine Western Sydney University  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Slade O.","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South West Sydney Limb Preservation and Wound Research South West Sydney Local Health District  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Medicine Western Sydney University  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/644732"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00112-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2014.23.10.484"},{"issue":"76","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"78","article-title":"Binding of two bacterial biofilms to dialkyl carbamoyl chloride (DACC)\u2010coated dressings in vitro","volume":"25","author":"Cooper R","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Wound Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2022.31.7.560"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2022.31.6.502"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2016.25.12.S38"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jctb.280430205"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2021.100047"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.13960"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.75798"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"2751","article-title":"Composition of challenge substance in standardized antimicrobial efficacy testing of wound antimicrobials is essential to correctly simulate efficacy in the human wound micro\u2010environment","volume":"10","author":"Severing AL","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2011.0502"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2022.31.Sup12.S48"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b09900"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-475X.1996.40211.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","unstructured":"United States Environmental Protection Agency.Antimicrobial testing methods & procedures: MB\u201019\u201006. 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