{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T20:02:28Z","timestamp":1792267348578,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]],"date-time":"2024-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021\u201002653"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\u201002653"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Wound Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Incontinence\u2010associated dermatitis (IAD) is an irritant contact dermatitis from prolonged contact with urine or faeces, which can significantly impact patient comfort and quality of life. The identification of prognostic factors for the development of IAD has the potential to enhance management, support preventive measures and guide future research. The objective of this systematic review was to summarize the empirical evidence of prognostic factors for the development of IAD. This study included prospective and retrospective observational studies or clinical trials that described prognostic factors associated with IAD. There were no restrictions on setting, time, language, participants or geographical regions. Exclusion criteria included reviews, editorials, commentaries, methodological articles, letters to the editor, cross\u2010sectional and case\u2013control studies, and case reports. Searches were conducted from inception to April 2024 on MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. The studies were assessed by two independent reviewers using the QUIPS and the CHARMS\u2010PF for data extraction. A narrative synthesis approach was employed due to study heterogeneity and using the \u2018vote counting based on direction\u2019 method and the sign test. The overall certainty of evidence was assessed using adapted GRADE criteria. The review included 12 studies and identified 15 potential predictors. Moderate\u2010quality evidence suggests that increased stool frequency, limited mobility and friction\/shear problems are risk factors for IAD development. Female sex, older age, vasopressor use and loose\/liquid stool are risk factors supported by low\u2010quality evidence. Increased stool frequency, limited mobility and friction\/shear problems seem to be risk factors for the development of IAD. There is insufficient evidence to support the predictive validity of female sex, older age, loose\/liquid stool and vasopressor use. There is substantial methodological variability across studies, making it challenging to make comparisons. Large\u2010scale cohort studies in different settings that incorporate our review findings should be conducted in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.14962","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]],"date-time":"2024-07-17T06:59:14Z","timestamp":1721199554000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Prognostic factors for the development of incontinence\u2010associated dermatitis (\n                    <scp>IAD<\/scp>\n                    ): A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8396-6761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie","family":"Deprez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Swedish Centre for Skin and Wound Research (SCENTR), School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health \u00d6rebro University  \u00d6rebro Sweden"},{"name":"Skin Integrity Research Group (SKINT), University Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Ghent University  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5200-1019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nils","family":"Ohde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Nursing Science Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6133-8975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Eileg\u00e5rd Wallin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swedish Centre for Skin and Wound Research (SCENTR), School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health \u00d6rebro University  \u00d6rebro Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9608-336X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carina","family":"B\u00e5\u00e5th","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences Faculty of Health, Science and Technology, Karlstad University  Karlstad Sweden"},{"name":"Faculty of Health, Welfare and Organisation \u00d8stfold University College  Halden Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6114-6535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ami","family":"Hommel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Care Science Malm\u00f6 University  Malm\u00f6 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8270-8560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Hultin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7478-056X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Josefson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health \u00d6rebro University  \u00d6rebro Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology \u00d6rebro University Hospital  \u00d6rebro Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0750-3818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Kottner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Nursing Science Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3080-8716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitri","family":"Beeckman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swedish Centre for Skin and Wound Research (SCENTR), School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health \u00d6rebro University  \u00d6rebro Sweden"},{"name":"Skin Integrity Research Group (SKINT), University Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Ghent University  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"BeeckmanD CampbellJ CampbellK et al.Proceedings of the Global IAD Expert Panel. 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