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A post hoc analysis of 171 patients with OM was performed using data from two randomized clinical trials. OM was confirmed with bone culture or histopathology. Surgical culture specimens were obtained from resected bone and sent for histopathology and microbiology. Residual osteomyelitis (RO) was defined as a positive resected margin on culture or histopathology. No residual osteomyelitis (NRO) was defined as no growth from bone culture and no histopathological inflammation in the biopsy of the resection margin. Data from the 12\u2010month follow\u2010up were used to determine clinical outcomes. During the index hospitalization, NRO patients had significantly shorter duration of antibiotic therapy (NRO 21.0, 13.0\u201338.0 vs. RO 37.0, 20.8\u201350.0, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.01) and more amputations than patients with RO (NRO 89.9% vs. RO 60.9%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.01). During the 12\u2010month follow\u2010up, patients with NRO also had significantly shorter duration of antibiotic therapy (NRO 42, 21.0\u201366.5 vs. RO 50.5, 35.0\u201375.0, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02). During the 12\u2010month follow\u2010up, there was no difference in ulceration at the same site (NRO 3.7%, RO 4.3% <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.85), hospitalization (NRO 32.6%, RO 34.8%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.76), total re\u2010infections (NRO 25.3%, RO 29.3%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.56), re\u2010infection with osteomyelitis (NRO 13.3% vs. 13.5%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.36), amputation (NRO 8.8%, RO 5.4%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.86) and time to wound healing in days (NRO 94, 41.0\u2013365 vs. RO 106, 42.8\u2013365, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.77). Successful treatment of osteomyelitis was achieved by 86.7% and 86.5% of patients. During the index hospitalization, patients with no residual osteomyelitis had more amputations and were treated with antibiotics for a shorter duration. During the 12\u2010month follow\u2010up, patients with no residual osteomyelitis had shorter durations of antibiotics. There were no differences in re\u2010infection, amputation, re\u2010ulceration or hospitalization.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Level of evidence:<\/jats:bold> 1<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.70072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T02:39:13Z","timestamp":1728355153000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Does complete resection of infected bone improve clinical outcomes in patients with diabetic foot osteomyelitis?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Lawrence A.","family":"Lavery","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of Texas Health Science Center  San Antonio Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur N.","family":"Tarricone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of Texas Health Science Center  San Antonio Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9516-3762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario C.","family":"Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2285-0909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet A.","family":"Suludere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Sideman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Texas Health Science Center  San Antonio Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Siah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edgar J. 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