{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T18:28:02Z","timestamp":1790620082063,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,15]],"date-time":"2024-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Wound Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Diabetic ulcers are chronic wounds that are notoriously difficult to treat, leading to significant physical and psychological distress and increased healthcare costs. Their multifactorial aetiology necessitates long\u2010term interdisciplinary collaboration and various complementary treatment measures. While numerous studies suggest that electrical stimulation (ES) positively impacts diabetic ulcer healing, the robustness and consistency of these findings require further evaluation to optimize clinical application. We searched databases including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing ES treatment to placebo or conventional treatment were included. Extracted information included objective healing measures and data for assessing effect sizes. Ten RCTs involving 451 patients met inclusion criteria. ES improved ulcer healing rate compared to control or placebo (MD 20.37, 95% CI: 16.89\u201323.85,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.001) and increased the number of healed ulcers (RR 1.45, 95% CI: 1.18\u20131.78,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.001), with both results being statistically significant. The observed benefits are likely due to the positive effects of ES on the vascular and neurological functions of the lower limbs in patients with diabetic ulcers. Both low\u2010frequency, moderate\u2010intensity alternating current and low\u2010intensity or high\u2010voltage direct current have demonstrated efficacy in promoting ulcer healing. The results suggest ES may be a promising approach of managing diabetic ulcers. However, the optimal method of ES application remains undetermined; therefore, high\u2010quality and large\u2010scale studies are essential.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.70104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,15]],"date-time":"2024-12-15T20:03:21Z","timestamp":1734293001000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Electrical stimulation as an adjunctive therapy for diabetic ulcers: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Lan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery Chengdu Second People's Hospital  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenjia","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery Chengdu Second People's Hospital  Chengdu 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Hospital  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery Chengdu Second People's Hospital  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery Chengdu Second People's Hospital  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery Chengdu Second People's Hospital  Chengdu 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