{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T17:06:06Z","timestamp":1788282366043,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,15]],"date-time":"2024-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Wound Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a severe skin reaction caused by extensive epidermal and mucosal necrosis. This clinical phenomenon is known as an acute syndrome of apoptotic pan\u2010epidermolysis (ASAP). The ASAP phenomenon is observed in conditions that mimic TEN, highlighting the challenge in distinguishing these conditions. While TEN is a well\u2010recognized entity, distinguishing it from other TEN\u2010like conditions presents significant diagnostic and treatment challenges. These conditions include drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), generalized bullous fixed drug eruption (GBFDE), acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), TEN\u2010like methotrexate toxicity, mustard gas toxicity, pseudoporphyria, mycoplasma\u2010induced rash and mucositis (MIRM), multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS\u2010C), graft versus host disease (GVHD), and acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus and subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. This review explores these ten separate entities and debates their clinical features, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.70117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T01:09:21Z","timestamp":1734311361000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A review on toxic epidermal necrolysis\u2010like superficial wound lesions: Issue and challenge on 10 clinical entities"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1081-9477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bahareh","family":"Abtahi\u2010Naeini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Dermatology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Imam Hossein Children's Hospital Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4462-2883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahsa","family":"Pourmahdi\u2010Boroujeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2366-7804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fereshte","family":"Rastegarnasab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7607-4041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Emamjomeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_18_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30378-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.03.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203304lu2037sa"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ebj3030036"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57090895"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2019.0977"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-74588-6_195"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2010.2.2.123"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000095437"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2019.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14839"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1600"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2004.tb00603.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_16_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Immunohistopathological findings of severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions. Journal of immunology","volume":"2017","author":"Orime M","year":"2017","journal-title":"Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_17_1","first-page":"41","article-title":"Cyclosporine treatment of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome: a case report and brief review of the literature","volume":"2018","author":"Kuschel SL","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pract Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2014.09.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5070\/D3237035734"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12133"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsi.2012.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e32832cda4c"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14423\/SMJ.0000000000000195"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2017.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13223-020-0407-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0560.2001.028003113.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2010.0932"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000246286"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000480700"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-019-00825-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.108094"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijccm.IJCCM_212_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.174052"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/idoj.IDOJ_256_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(97)70029-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1991.tb02608.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2008.02965.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15569543.2021.1942064"},{"issue":"22","key":"e_1_2_18_41_1","first-page":"2200","article-title":"Some medical aspects of chemical warfare agents: a review","volume":"114","author":"Goldman L","year":"1940","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(88)70208-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1992.01680160059004"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03500040015008"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15569527.2011.636119"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00139709-200322020-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15569527.2010.511367"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/120347540100500604"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.13361"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.442"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.51894\/001c.25284"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_52_1","unstructured":"FrantzGF McAninchSA.Mycoplasma mucositis.2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_18_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.06.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_54_1","article-title":"Mycoplasma pneumoniae\u2010induced rash and mucositis: a recently described entity","volume":"2017","author":"Santos RP","year":"2017","journal-title":"Case Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_18_55_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Histopathological and epidemiological characteristics of patients with erythema exudativum multiforme major, Stevens\u2014Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"135","author":"Rzany B","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/1812545"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8163588"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.20419.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pcc.0000741300.46124.ac"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.01.054"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_18_63_1","article-title":"Complete remission in a child with multisystem inflammatory syndrome and Stevens\u2010Johnson syndrome treated with infliximab","volume":"15","author":"Lootah S","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000113941"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2011.01397.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2012.00746.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-017-0306-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.120473"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.12986"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.1999.00473.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12737"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203313492242"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.14648"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5070\/D3245040100"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_75_1","first-page":"236","article-title":"Toxic epidermal necrolysis\u2010like acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus: two cases report","volume":"38","author":"Abdelmouttalib A","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203307079498"}],"container-title":["International Wound Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/iwj.70117","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T06:43:06Z","timestamp":1734590586000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/iwj.70117"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/iwj.70117"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/iwj.70117","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-4801","1742-481X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-4801","type":"print"},{"value":"1742-481X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70117"}}