{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T06:45:55Z","timestamp":1792478755118,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022617","name":"Fisher and Paykel Healthcare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022617","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Wound Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>This case series explores the application of Near\u2010infrared fluorescent (NIRF) imaging as a diagnostic tool for assessing hard\u2010to\u2010heal wounds. Our aim was to explore the potential of this modality to provide insights into wound perfusion, tissue viability and healing progress. We conducted a 12\u2010week non\u2010randomised observational study, a subset of an ongoing interventional study. Participants with hard\u2010to\u2010heal lower limb wounds received multi\u2010disciplinary wound care. NIRF imaging using Indocyanine green contrast was performed prior to treatment, at six and 12\u2009weeks. Visual assessment and quantitative analysis of fluorescent intensity within a region of interest were summarised. Seventeen participants were included, with a mean (SD) age of 64 (9) years. Forty\u2010seven percent were diabetic and 45% had peripheral arterial disease. Wound size changes ranged from 23% to \u221295%. Changes in wound healing in patients whose intensity reduced had better observed effects (i.e., reduction in area and increase in granulation). Increasing intensity was observed in three patients requiring further treatment for pathology not visually observable. NIRF imaging allows visualisation of revascularisation and wound healing progress prior to observable changes in hard\u2010to\u2010heal wounds, providing insight into inflammation that may otherwise go unnoticed. Further research is needed to determine the utility of NIRF in wound management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.70723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T03:33:23Z","timestamp":1752204803000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Assessment of Hard\u2010To\u2010Heal Lower Leg Wounds With Near\u2010Infrared Fluorescent Imaging: A Pilot Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4908-7413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kari A.","family":"Clifford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, Otago Medical School University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emil","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health New Zealand  Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Johnstone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health New Zealand  Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolanta","family":"Krysa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, Otago Medical School University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-022-00377-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2023.0150"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-016-2268-0"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"294","article-title":"Measuring Wound Outcomes","volume":"19","author":"Romanelli M.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Medica Croatica"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.21.9.091304"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00033197231186096"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1876504101002010012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.880773"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2022.05.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11050778"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2021.04.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000007482"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2013.12.036"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","article-title":"The Impact of Prolonged Inflammation on Wound Healing","volume":"10","author":"Holzer\u2010Geissler J. 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