{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T23:06:51Z","timestamp":1793747211196,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,20]],"date-time":"2025-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Wound Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Surgical site infections (SSIs) are infections that occur at or near the surgical site within 30\u2009days of surgery (up to 90\u2009days following surgery where an implant is involved). They are the major cause of hospital\u2010acquired infections worldwide, with significant implications for patient health and healthcare costs. In Ethiopia, surgical site infection rates range from 5% to 25.5%, posing a critical challenge for healthcare systems. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and identify factors associated with surgical site infections in post\u2010operative patients at Eka Kotebe General Hospital between September 3 and December 30, 2022. A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted on 236 post\u2010operative patients. Post\u2010operative patients who stayed at the hospital for over 72\u2009h with complete records were included, while those critically ill, discharged ealier, absent, or with incomplete records were excluded. Data were collected using KoBo Toolbox and analysed with SPSS. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify significant factors associated with surgical site infections. The prevalence of surgical site infection was 9.3%. Identified significant associated factors for surgical site infection included older age, history of smoking, prolonged operation duration, non\u2010ambulatory status, blood transfusion, and contaminated or dirty wound types. The study highlights a high prevalence of surgical site infection, with key associated factors that can inform targeted prevention strategies in healthcare settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.70730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T06:58:53Z","timestamp":1753081133000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Prevalence of Surgical Site Infection and Associated Factors Among Post\u2010Operative Patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2277-9575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teferi Tesfaye","family":"Bahru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Prevention and Control Eka Kotebe General Hospital  Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megersa Alemue","family":"Gobena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Eka Kotebe General Hospital  Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bethlehem Tadesse","family":"Anteneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Prevention and Control Eka Kotebe General Hospital  Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herego Abera","family":"Meskelu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Prevention and Control Eka Kotebe General Hospital  Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abel Tesfaye","family":"Legese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Eka Kotebe General Hospital  Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hana Temesgen","family":"Berhanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Prevention and Control Eka Kotebe General Hospital  Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weynhareg Kasaye","family":"Aschenaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Prevention and Control Eka Kotebe General Hospital  Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebrahim Eshetie","family":"Zehredin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Prevention and Control Eka Kotebe General Hospital  Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Seid","family":"Dawud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Prevention and Control Eka Kotebe General Hospital  Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abinet Ayana","family":"Wakshume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Prevention and Control Eka Kotebe General Hospital  Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tekle Tadele","family":"Biyazn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Prevention and Control Eka Kotebe General Hospital  Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusmir Sabit","family":"Umer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Prevention and Control Eka Kotebe General Hospital  Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization \u201cGlobal Guidelines for the Prevention of Surgical Site Infection Second Edition \u201d2018(GGPSSI)."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1086\/646436","article-title":"CDC Definitions of Noscomial Surgical Site Infections, 1992: A Modification of CDC Definitions of Surgical Wound Infections","volume":"13","author":"Horan T. C.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2008.03.002","article-title":"CDC\/NHSN Surveillance Definition of Health Care\u2010Associated Infection and Criteria for Specific Types of Infections in the Acute Care Setting","volume":"36","author":"Horan T. C.","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Infection Control"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","unstructured":"AHRQ \u201cWHO \u201d2019(2018)."},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e276","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30398-X","article-title":"Surgical Site Infections. New WHO Recommendations on Preoperative Measures for Surgical Site Infection Prevention: An Evidence\u2010Based Global Perspective","volume":"16","author":"Allegranzi B.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1518\u20108345.1502.2848"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3909\/riog0084"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(10)61458\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15406\/ncoaj.2019.06.00192"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1086\/501572","article-title":"The Impact of Surgical\u2010Site Infections in the 1990s: Attributable Mortality, Excess Length of Hospitalization, and Extra Costs","volume":"20","author":"Kirkland K. B.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","unstructured":"CDC National Health Care Safety Network \u201cSurgical Site Infection Event \u201d(2022)."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Prevalence of Surgical Site and Associated Factors Among Mothers After Cesarean Delivery in Zewditu Memorial Hospital, 2018","volume":"10","author":"Misganaw W.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ethiopian Journal of Reproductive Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.4801"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0226140","article-title":"Prevalence of Surgical Site Infection and Its Associated Factors Among Patients Who Underwent a Surgical Procedure at Wolaita Sodo University Teaching and Referral Hospital, South Ethiopia","volume":"14","author":"Awoke N.","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","unstructured":"FDRE. Population and Census Commission \u201cSummery and Statistical Report of the 2007 Population and Housing Census \u201d(2008)."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","unstructured":"Addis Ababa Ethiopia Metro Area Population \u201d(1950\u20132025)."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.4314\/rjmhs.v5i1.5","article-title":"Prevalence of Surgical Site Infection Among Adult Patients at a Rural District Hospital in Southern Province, Rwanda","volume":"5","author":"Mukamuhirwa D.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.914778"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13037\u2010019\u20100229\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.629351"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5456616"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12743","article-title":"Incidence and Risks for Surgical Site Infection After Adult Tibial Plateau Fractures Treated by ORIF: A Prospective Multicentre Study","volume":"14","author":"Zhu Y.","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Wound Journal"},{"issue":"20","key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Prevalence of Injury and Associated Factors Among Patients Visiting the Emergency Departments of Amhara Regional State Referral Hospitals, Ethiopia: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study","volume":"15","author":"Debrework Tesgera B.","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Emergency Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/24730114221115677","article-title":"Comparing the 30\u2010Day Complications Between Smokers and Nonsmokers Undergoing Surgical Fixation of Ankle Fractures","volume":"7","author":"Sagherian B. H.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e077","DOI":"10.1097\/OI9.0000000000000077","article-title":"Factors Associating With Surgical Site Infection Following Operative Management of Malleolar Fractures at an Urban Level 1 Trauma Center","volume":"3","author":"Rascoe A. S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"OTA International:America"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","first-page":"4633","article-title":"Magnitude of Surgical Site Infections, Bacterial Etiologies, Associated Factors and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Isolates Among Post\u2011Operative Patients in Harari Region Public Hospitals, Harar, Eastern Ethiopia","volume":"14","author":"Shakir A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infection and Drug Resistance"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. G.Weldu H.Berhane N.Berhe et\u00a0al. \u201cPrevalence and Determinant Factors of Surgical Site Infection in Suhul Hospital Tigrai Northern Ethiopia: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study \u201d19 no.7(2018):684\u2013690 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/sur.2017.312.","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2017.312"}],"container-title":["International Wound Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/iwj.70730","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T07:06:42Z","timestamp":1753081602000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/iwj.70730"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/iwj.70730"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/iwj.70730","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-4801","1742-481X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-4801","type":"print"},{"value":"1742-481X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70730"}}