{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T05:49:34Z","timestamp":1768196974172,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Wound Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Hypertrophic scars (HTSs) result from excessive collagen accumulation and impaired wound remodelling, leading to considerable aesthetic and functional concerns. Despite the availability of various treatment strategies, their clinical success remains limited, emphasising the need for alternative approaches. Human amniotic fluid (hAF), naturally enriched with cytokines and growth factors, has emerged as a promising biological material for tissue regeneration. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of two forms of hAF\u2014pooled\u2010frozen and pooled\u2010frozen gamma\u2010irradiated\u2014in a rat model of hypertrophic scarring. Fifteen adult male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were randomly assigned to receive subcutaneous injections of either saline, pooled\u2010frozen hAF, or pooled\u2010frozen gamma\u2010irradiated hAF at the wound margins on days 1, 3 and 5 following the induction of hypertrophic scars via talc powder application. After 21\u2009days, wound healing was evaluated through histological and immunohistochemical analyses. Both treatment groups demonstrated significantly improved wound healing compared to the control group. Granulation tissue formation was enhanced in the treated groups, particularly in animals receiving gamma\u2010irradiated fluid, which also showed superior collagen remodelling characterised by aligned and mature collagen bundles. Both treatment groups demonstrated an increase in M2 macrophage density, as evidenced by elevated Arg\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/CD68\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cell ratios; however, this effect was more pronounced in the gamma\u2010irradiated group, indicating a stronger shift towards a regenerative immune profile. Enhanced reepithelialisation, increased hair follicle density and reduced scar thickness were also observed. These findings suggest that gamma\u2010irradiated hAF provides a more effective and minimally invasive therapeutic option for modulating scar formation and improving wound healing outcomes, supporting its potential translation into clinical applications for the management of hypertrophic scars.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.70753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T07:06:32Z","timestamp":1759907192000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pooled, Frozen, Gamma\u2010Irradiated Amniotic Fluid Enhances Histomorphological Remodelling in Hypertrophic Scars"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3114-634X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gamze","family":"Tumentemur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vocational School of Health Services, Anatomy Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elif Ganime","family":"Aygun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Atakent Hospital Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bulut","family":"Yurtsever","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acibadem Labcell Cellular Therapy Laboratory  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ercument","family":"Ovali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acibadem Labcell Cellular Therapy Laboratory  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19030711"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-006-0253-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diff.2013.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199710163371607"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-021-02290-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrc.21024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2015.0635"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2003.83.3.835"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2008.05.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Radiation Technology in Surgery and the Pharmaceutical Industry: An Overview of Applications","volume":"36","author":"Phillips G. 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