{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T01:38:48Z","timestamp":1776994728403,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Wound Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aimed to explore informal caregivers' (family members of patients) perspectives on their involvement in ongoing multidisciplinary treatment of diabetes\u2010related foot ulcers in a highly specialised outpatient service with a multidisciplinary team structure that was still evolving. Using focus group interviews and template analysis, we identified patterns in caregivers' experiences, needs, and preferences. The findings suggest considerable potential to improve patient care through earlier caregiver involvement. While some caregivers reported positive experiences, many rarely or never attended consultations and struggled to define involvement in practical terms. However, caregivers consistently expressed a strong wish for earlier involvement\u2014ideally at the time of diabetes diagnosis\u2014to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to support patients between clinical visits. Caregivers play an important role in foot ulcer management, as complex regimens such as wound care, offloading, and lifestyle adjustments require ongoing support outside clinical settings. However, involvement may also create strain. Participants described emotional and practical burden, feelings of guilt, and uncertainty about their roles. The study highlights the need for structured caregiver education, clear communication, and systemic support to balance the benefits of caregiver involvement with the risk of caregiver burden.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.70891","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T01:21:00Z","timestamp":1774488060000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Diabetes\u2010Related Foot Ulcers: The Role of Informal Caregivers' Experiences and Needs Regarding Involvement in Multidisciplinary Team Treatment. A Qualitative Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4963-1337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camilla Misha Holde","family":"Hjelmgaard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Zealand University Hospital, University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3158-3301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Connie","family":"Berthelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Regional Health Research University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Zealand University Hospital, University of Copenhagen Medical Department  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marlene \u00d8stermark","family":"Kristensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Zealand University Hospital, University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2164-6997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carrinna Aviaja","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Zealand University Hospital, University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Regional Health Research University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Sundhed Aftale om Sundheds Reform 2024 vers. 2\u201004.02.2025.pdf. Accessed March 12 2025(2025) https:\/\/www.ism.dk\/media\/638743383915480390\/aftale%20om%20sundhedsreform%202024%20%20vers.%202\u201004.02.2025.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0302385"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300\u2010019\u201000694\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9007813"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","unstructured":"Sundhed Hvem er P\u00e5r\u00f8rende? Region Sj\u00e6lland. Accessed February 9 2023(2023) https:\/\/www.regionsjaelland.dk\/sundhed\/geo\/psykiatrien\/patient_i_psykiatrien\/paaroerende\/information\u2010og\u2010vejledning\/sider\/hvem\u2010er\u2010p%C3%A5r%C3%B8rende.aspx."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","unstructured":"Danskepatienter P\u00e5r\u00f8rendeinddragelse | Danske Patienter. Accessed February 9 2023(2023) https:\/\/danskepatienter.dk\/temaer\u2010projekter\/temaer\/paaroerende\/paaroerendeinddragelse."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","unstructured":"The Danish Health Authority NKR: Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients With Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Accessed May 22 2023(2021) https:\/\/www.sst.dk\/da\/udgivelser\/2021\/nkr\u2010diabetiske\u2010fodsaar."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7146\/tfss.v10i19.15548"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.70128"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1806\u20109282.62.02.171"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.13775"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","unstructured":"Improving Clinical Outcomes of Diabetic Foot Ulcers by the 3\u2010Month Self\u2010 and Family Management Support Programs In Indonesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study\u2014ClinicalKey. Accessed June 12 2023(2023) https:\/\/www.clinicalkey.com\/#!\/content\/playcontent\/1\u2010s2.0\u2010s1871402120301478?returnurl=https:%2f%2flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2fretrieve%2fpii%2fs1871402120301478%3fshowall%3dtrue&referrer=https:%2f%2fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2f."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1074840714542962"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","volume-title":"Being a Relative in Denmark: A Qualitative Analysis of Relatives' Experiences From an Everyday Life Perspective","author":"Johansen M. B.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3657"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bdj.2008.192"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/sjpain\u20102019\u20100162"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","volume-title":"InterViews: Learning the Craft of Qualitative Research Interviewing","author":"Kvale S.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2333393616630466"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzm042"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13814788.2017.1375092"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14780887.2014.955224"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","volume-title":"Doing Qualitative Research","author":"Crabtree B. F.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781446280119.n21"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.22530"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","unstructured":"The Ministry of the Interior and Health Consolidation Act on Health (Denmark). Accessed March 17 2025(2022) https:\/\/www.retsinformation.dk\/eli\/lta\/2022\/210."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","unstructured":"Danske Patienter Hvad har P\u00e5r\u00f8rende Krav p\u00e5? Accessed June 28 2023(2023) https:\/\/danskepatienter.dk\/patienter\u2010paaroerende\/raad\u2010til\u2010paaroerende\/hvad\u2010har\u2010paaroerende\u2010krav\u2010paa."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jopm.8957"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14886"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/24748307\u201020210712\u201001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1742395309352254"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.13173"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.13356"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurpra.2022.07.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010publhealth\u2010090419\u2010102529"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14226"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865\u2010021\u201000250\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","unstructured":"Danish Patients Patient and Public Involvement. Accessed June 29 2025(2025) https:\/\/danskepatienter.dk\/politik\u2010presse\/politiske\u2010holdninger\/brugerinddragelse."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2021.107960"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102024\u2010092676"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/160940690200100202"}],"container-title":["International Wound Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/iwj.70891","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/iwj.70891","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/iwj.70891","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T01:04:17Z","timestamp":1776992657000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/iwj.70891"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/iwj.70891"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/iwj.70891","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-4801","1742-481X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-4801","type":"print"},{"value":"1742-481X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70891"}}