{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T01:39:12Z","timestamp":1776994752402,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN:2020\u201003877"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN:2020\u201003877"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009192","name":"Alberta Innovates","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["222302582"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222302582"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009192","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Wound Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Antimicrobial resistance (\n AMR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and biofilm formation significantly hinder chronic wound management, necessitating safer and more effective therapeutic options. This study evaluates the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, cytocompatibility and anti\u2010inflammatory properties of a novel antimicrobial hydrogel Formulation (#1) compared with commercially available wound hydrogel and cream Formulations (#2\u20135). Antimicrobial activity was assessed using minimum inhibitory concentration (\n MIC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and minimum bactericidal concentration (\n MBC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) assays against\n \n Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n \n Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n \n Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n , and mixed\u2010species cultures. Biofilm\u2010related efficacy was evaluated via crystal violet (\n CV<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) staining and minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (\n MBIC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) assays. Cytotoxicity was examined using\n ISO<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010compliant\n MTT<\/jats:styled-content>\n and confluency assays on\n L929<\/jats:styled-content>\n fibroblasts. In\u00a0vivo anti\u2010inflammatory effects were assessed using intra\u2010cutaneous injection in New Zealand White rabbits with histological evaluation per\n ISO<\/jats:styled-content>\n 10993\u201023. Formulation 1 showed the lowest\n MIC<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n MBC<\/jats:styled-content>\n values across all pathogens, including polymicrobial cultures, indicating strong broad\u2010spectrum efficacy. In biofilm assays, it reduced biofilm biomass by 50%\u201360% within 10 min and prevented new formation at lower\n MBIC<\/jats:styled-content>\n values than Formulation 2, especially in mixed\u2010species models. Cytotoxicity testing confirmed Formulation 1 maintained \u2265\u200981% cell viability across all concentrations, outperforming other products and meeting\n ISO<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n USP<\/jats:styled-content>\n safety thresholds. In\u00a0vivo, both Formulation 1 and 2 induced minimal inflammation, with Formulation 1 showing slightly milder tissue responses. Formulation 1 demonstrated strong antimicrobial efficacy, reliable biofilm control, and favourable cytocompatibility compared with the comparator formulations tested in this study. These findings support further evaluation of this formulation for chronic wounds complicated by biofilms and antimicrobial resistance.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.70904","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:30:54Z","timestamp":1776990654000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In Vitro and In\u00a0Vivo Comparison of a Novel Antimicrobial Wound Hydrogel With Commercial Wound Treatments: Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm and Biocompatibility Assessment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5301-6757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melika","family":"Moradi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences University of Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"MHCombiotics Inc. Calgary Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Pormohammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MHCombiotics Inc. Calgary Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charline","family":"Luong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MHCombiotics Inc. Calgary Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9263-0776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raymond J.","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences University of Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"277","article-title":"The Antibiotic Resistance Crisis: Part 1: Causes and Threats","volume":"40","author":"Ventola C. 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