{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T04:05:59Z","timestamp":1779681959917,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017959","name":"Health Commission of Hebei Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20240696"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20240696"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017959","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Wound Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    To study the risk factors associated with multidrug\u2010resistant bacteria (MDRB) infection in diabetic foot (DF) wounds and to develop a nomogram model to predict the risk of MDRB infection in patients with DF. A total of 157 patients with DF between January 2013 and December 2023 were included in this study. A retrospective analysis was conducted to examine the characteristics of MDRB infections. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors associated with MDRB infection. Based on these risk factors, a predictive model was built using R software and a nomogram was constructed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the wound area, previous hospitalization, prior use of antibacterial agents, lower extremity ischaemia grade, and hypoproteinaemia were independent risk factors for MDRB infection in DF wounds (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Construction of the nomogram model for MDRB infection in DF wounds: A nomogram model was developed using five identified risk factors\u2014wound area, previous hospitalization, previous use of antibacterial drugs, lower extremity ischaemia grade and hypoproteinaemia\u2014as predictors. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was 0.863. The model has a good ability to predict MDRB infections in DF wounds. Wound area, previous hospitalization, previous use of antibacterial drugs, lower extremity ischaemia grade and hypoproteinaemia were identified as independent risk factors for MDRB infections in DF wounds. The nomogram model constructed on the basis of these five factors demonstrated good predictive performance for MDRB infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.70929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T07:04:22Z","timestamp":1777273462000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk Factors and Nomogram Model for Multidrug\u2010Resistant Bacterial Infections in Diabetic Foot Wounds"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6481-4351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangzhe","family":"Meng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hebei Medical University  Shijiazhuang China"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology The Bethune International Peace Hospital  Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liye","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology The Bethune International Peace Hospital  Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology The Bethune International Peace Hospital  Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sijia","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology The Bethune International Peace Hospital  Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuhui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology The Bethune International Peace Hospital  Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiwen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology The Bethune International Peace Hospital  Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoling","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology The Bethune International Peace Hospital  Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Libo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Outpatient Department The Bethune International Peace Hospital  Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoling","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology The Bethune International Peace Hospital  Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_16_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2019.107843"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2016.1231932"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2021.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-006-0491-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.987487"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18683\/germs.2021.1292"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/ajlm.v10i1.1261"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foot.2010.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_11_1","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute \u201cPerformance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Nineteenth Informational Supplement. In: CLSI Document M100\u2010S23. Wayne Pa: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute \u201d(2013)."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_16_12_1","first-page":"16","article-title":"Diagnostic Criteria for Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"49","author":"Grimaldi A.","year":"1999","journal-title":"La Revue du Praticien"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_13_1","article-title":"IWGDF\/IDSA Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Diabetes\u2010Related Foot Infections (IWGDF\/IDSA 2023)","volume":"40","author":"Senneville \u00c9.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078100200202"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_16_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2023.10.018","article-title":"2024 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease","volume":"105","author":"KDIGO","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kidney International"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_16_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization \u201cWHO Guidelines Approved by the Guidelines Review Committee [M]. Guideline on Haemoglobin Cutoffs to Define Anaemia in Individuals and Populations. Geneva \u201d(2024)."},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_16_17_1","first-page":"Cd010680","article-title":"Ankle Brachial Index for the Diagnosis of Lower Limb Peripheral Arterial Disease","volume":"9","author":"Crawford F.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.14864"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_16_19_1","first-page":"889","article-title":"Clinical Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance Analysis of 754 Pathogenic Bacteria in Diabetic Foot Infection","volume":"94","author":"Shen Q.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_1552_20"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_16_21_1","article-title":"Infection Characteristics and Drug Susceptibility of Multidrug\u2010Resistant Bacteria in Patients With Diabetic Foot Ulcers","volume":"69","author":"Chen T.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clinical Laboratory"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-022-00957-0"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_16_23_1","first-page":"665","article-title":"Microbiological Pattern of Diabetic Foot Infections at a Tertiary Care Center in a Developing Country","volume":"67","author":"Miyan Z.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.13473"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1534734614545878"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S359157"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_34"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.16162"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3236526"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_30_1","first-page":"10186","article-title":"Analysis on Distribution, Drug Resistance and Risk Factors of Multi Drug Resistant Bacteria in Diabetic Foot Infection","volume":"28","author":"Kang W. 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