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Not only are there different clinical manifestations that reflect differing immune responses, but the parasite's multiple stages, each with distinct anatomic tropism, add a compartmental layer of complexity to an already complicated process. Moreover, these parasites have finely tuned immune evasion strategies that enable escape from the innate immune system. As different stages of the parasite interact with different types of antigen\u2010presenting cells that, in turn, may play a significant role in shaping the subsequent adaptive immune response, the focus of this review is to provide insight into the interaction between filarial parasites and antigen\u2010presenting cells with an eye toward understanding how they influence parasite antigen\u2010driven T\u2010cell responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2004.00196.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,10]],"date-time":"2004-09-10T14:18:34Z","timestamp":1094825914000},"page":"127-138","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Toward an understanding of the interaction between filarial parasites and host antigen\u2010presenting cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"201","author":[{"given":"Roshanak Tolouei","family":"Semnani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas B.","family":"Nutman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5492","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.151.10.5492","article-title":"Suppressor macrophages in African trypanosomiasis inhibit T cell proliferative responses by nitric oxide and prostaglandins","volume":"151","author":"Schleifer KW","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.62.5.1995-2001.1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.1999.00723.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116752"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(200004)30:4<1127::AID-IMMU1127>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.12.6453"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.9.5813-5822.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.4.1950"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200203)32:3<858::AID-IMMU858>3.0.CO;2-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1995.tb01016.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3567","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.148.11.3567","article-title":"Parallel regulation of IL\u20104 and IL\u2010\u20105 in human helminth infections","volume":"148","author":"Mahanty S","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.12.5955-5963.1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2794","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.139.8.2794","article-title":"IgG antibody subclasses in human filariasis. 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