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We showed that during the course of experimental infection cytotoxic clones specific for <\/jats:italic>Leishmania infantum<jats:italic> antigens developed in the spleen of susceptible BALB\/c mice, showed an activated phenotype and became susceptible to apoptotic cell death late in the course of the disease. CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells exhibited considerable cytotoxic activity against cells expressing <\/jats:italic>Leishmania<jats:italic> antigens. This activity was mediated by both the perforin and the Fas\/FasL pathway, as judged from <\/jats:italic>in vitro<jats:italic> and <\/jats:italic>in vivo<jats:italic> assays. The CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells also up\u2010regulated mRNAs for cytokines (IFN\u2010\u03b3 and TNF\u2010\u03b1) and C\u2010C chemokines (RANTES and MIP\u20101\u03b1), which have a major role in immunity against the pathogen. CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cells thus displayed a Tc1 pattern of differentiation. In conclusion, CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells appear to play multiple roles in an experimental model of visceral leishmaniasis comprising both cytotoxic activity and secretion of cytokines and chemokines.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0141-9838.2004.00672.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,23]],"date-time":"2004-03-23T09:44:45Z","timestamp":1080035085000},"page":"569-579","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["CD8<sup>+<\/sup> T cells with parasite\u2010specific cytotoxic activity and a Tc1 profile of cytokine and chemokine secretion develop in experimental visceral leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Tsagozis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evdokia","family":"Karagouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleni","family":"Dotsika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)10178-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2290","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.138.7.2290","article-title":"Experimental visceral leishmaniasis. production of interleukin 2 and interferon\u2010\u03b3, tissue immune reaction, and response to treatment with interleukin 2 and interferon\u2010\u03b3","volume":"138","author":"Murray HW","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.62.3.1058-1063.1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.182.3.655"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","first-page":"7","article-title":"Regulation of Leishmania populations within the host. 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