{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T10:15:37Z","timestamp":1762078537866},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,27]],"date-time":"2004-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1090886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":148,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p> <jats:italic>The purpose of this study was to determine whether anti\u2010apoptotic proteins of the Bcl\u20102 family such as Bcl\u20102 and Bcl\u2010x<\/jats:italic>\n          <jats:sub>\n            <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>\n          <\/jats:sub>\n          <jats:italic>, proteins that confer resistance to apoptotic death from some stimuli, block apoptotic cell death in RAW264\u00b77 cells upon treatment with<\/jats:italic> Trichomonas\u00a0vaginalis. <jats:italic>In this study, the expression level of Bcl\u20102 was unchanged throughout the course of apoptotic cell death, and overexpressed Bcl\u20102 did not prevent release of cytochrome c, the significant change of the membrane potential, activation of caspases, and PARP cleavage in<\/jats:italic> T.\u00a0vaginalis<jats:italic>\u2010treated RAW264\u00b77 cells. On the other hand, Bcl\u2010x<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub><jats:italic>expression was decreased after<\/jats:italic> T.\u00a0vaginalis <jats:italic>treatment accompanied with Bax activation. Furthermore, we showed that release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, cleavage of caspase\u20109 and PARP during apoptosis in<\/jats:italic> T.\u00a0vaginalis<jats:italic>\u2010treated RAW264\u00b77 cells were considerably diminished by transfection with overexpressed Bcl\u2010x<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub><jats:italic>, and overexpressed Bcl\u2010x<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub><jats:italic>could inhibit<\/jats:italic> T.\u00a0vaginalis<jats:italic>\u2010induced apoptosis in RAW264\u00b77 cells. In addition, interestingly, pre\u2010treatment with caspase inhibitors, Boc\u2010D\u2010FMK and Z\u2010DEVD\u2010FMK, significantly abolished<\/jats:italic> T.\u00a0vaginalis<jats:italic>\u2010induced down\u2010regulation of Bcl\u2010x<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub><jats:italic>, suggesting that caspase\u20103 may play a pivotal role in the process of apoptosis as well as the down\u2010regulation of Bcl\u2010x<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub><jats:italic>by<\/jats:italic> T. vaginalis<jats:italic>. Therefore, these results suggest that<\/jats:italic> T.\u00a0vaginalis<jats:italic>\u2010induced apoptosis in RAW264\u00b77 cells can occur via a Bcl\u2010x<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub><jats:italic>\u2010dependent apoptotic mechanism.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0141-9838.2004.00693.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,27]],"date-time":"2004-07-27T10:18:39Z","timestamp":1090923519000},"page":"141-150","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["<i>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/i>\u2010induced apoptosis in RAW264\u00b77 cells is regulated through Bcl\u2010x<sub>L<\/sub>, but not 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