{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T12:54:03Z","timestamp":1791377643267,"version":"4.3.2"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6-7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,10]],"date-time":"2004-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1100044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":162,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p> <jats:italic>The involvement of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitrotyrosine (NT) in pathogenesis of toxocaral granulomatous hepatitis (TGH) in a murine host was quantitatively determined by biochemical, parasitological, pathological, and immunohistochemical assessments in a 42\u2010week investigation. Mice were sacrificed for serum collection and histological processing as well as acid\u2013pepsin digestion of the liver in a larval recovery study. Significantly increased levels of total serum NO were found in the trial, indirectly suggesting iNOS activation in the liver. iNOS reactivity was predominantly observed in infiltrating leucocytes in lesions and normal and apocrine\u2010like cholangiocytes; in contrast, hepatocytes and multinucleated giant cells showed negative cytoplasmic staining in TGH. Strong iNOS\u2010like reactivity was also detected on the body wall of larvae. The locations of NT reactivity were nearly identical to those of iNOS expression; infiltrating leucocytes or cholangiocytes stained for iNOS were also stained for NT in TGH. Enhanced iNOS expression, but not invading larvae (<\/jats:italic>r\u00a0=\u00a0<jats:italic>0\u00b7256,<\/jats:italic> P\u00a0<jats:italic>= 0\u00b7211), seemed to play a certain role in pathological damage in TGH due to a significant correlation between iNOS expression and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (<\/jats:italic>r\u00a0=<jats:italic>0\u00b7593,<\/jats:italic> P\u00a0<jats:italic>=\u00a00\u00b7021) in the trial. Our present results indicate a potential therapeutic strategy for treatment of GH caused by other nematodes through manipulation of iNOS expression.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0141-9838.2004.00708.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,15]],"date-time":"2004-11-15T18:55:22Z","timestamp":1100544922000},"page":"273-281","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Enhanced inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and nitrotyrosine accumulation in experimental granulomatous hepatitis caused by <i>Toxocara canis<\/i> in mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"C.\u2010K.","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.\u2010H.","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.\u2010C.","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.\u2010F.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.\u2010E.","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.309.6946.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000058667"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"699","article-title":"Radiological case of the month: visceral larva migrans","volume":"145","author":"Ponder D","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","first-page":"624","article-title":"Hepatic visceral larva migrans: evolution of the lesion, diagnosis, and role of high\u2010dose albendazole therapy","volume":"89","author":"Bhatia V","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","first-page":"1223","article-title":"Toxocara canis infection and granulomatous hepatitis","volume":"92","author":"Kaushik SP","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002470050596"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200110000-00020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200110000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","first-page":"116","volume-title":"Parasitic Nematodes: Antigens, Membranes and Genes","author":"Smith HV.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762001000400018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(03)00046-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.2002.00468.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.2002.00598.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.59.4.533-547.1995","article-title":"Role of nitric oxide in parasitic infections","volume":"59","author":"James SL.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","first-page":"11","article-title":"NO as an effector molecule of parasite killing: modulation of its synthesis by cytokines","volume":"108","author":"Oswald IP","year":"1994","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1993.tb00575.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3351","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.8.3351-3353.1996","article-title":"Role of nitric oxide in host defense against an extracellular, metazoan parasite, Brugia malayi","volume":"64","author":"Rajan TV","year":"1996","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.2001.00384.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(92)90431-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/tx9501445"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/niox.1997.0143"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","first-page":"L555","article-title":"Mechanisms of peroxynitrite\u2010induced injury to pulmonary surfactants","volume":"265","author":"Haddad IY","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI774"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","first-page":"G1069","article-title":"Nitric oxide. 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