{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T03:26:24Z","timestamp":1793935584256,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,7]],"date-time":"2005-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1105056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":37,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Vet Entomology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Abstract.\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    The bionomics of phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) were studied for three years (2001\u20132003) in the Galilee focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in northern Israel, where the causative\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania tropica<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) is transmitted by\n                    <jats:italic>Phlebotomus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>Adlerius<\/jats:italic>\n                    )\n                    <jats:italic>arabicus<\/jats:italic>\n                    Theodor and\n                    <jats:italic>Phlebotomus (Paraphlebotomus) sergenti<\/jats:italic>\n                    Parrot, comprising 22% and 8%, respectively, of the local sandfly fauna sampled by light traps. The predominant species overall was\n                    <jats:italic>Phlebotomus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>Larroussius<\/jats:italic>\n                    )\n                    <jats:italic>tobbi<\/jats:italic>\n                    Adler &amp; Theodor (51%) with lesser numbers of\n                    <jats:italic>Phlebotomus (Adlerius) simici<\/jats:italic>\n                    Theodor (11%),\n                    <jats:italic>Phlebotomus (Larroussius) syriacus<\/jats:italic>\n                    Adler &amp; Theodor (5%),\n                    <jats:italic>Phlebotomus (Larroussius) perfiliewi<\/jats:italic>\n                    Perfil'ev (3%) and\n                    <jats:italic>Phlebotomus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>Phlebotomus<\/jats:italic>\n                    )\n                    <jats:italic>papatasi<\/jats:italic>\n                    Scopoli (0.05%). Sandfly adult populations were prevalent from April to November and peaked between June and August, being more abundant through the summer in irrigated habitats, such as gardens and orchards, than in open grassland. Of the two cutaneous leishmaniasis vectors,\n                    <jats:italic>P.\u2003sergenti<\/jats:italic>\n                    preferred boulder mounds located at the outskirts of settlements, whereas\n                    <jats:italic>P.\u2003arabicus<\/jats:italic>\n                    was more abundant overall and near houses in particular. Females of all these sandfly species displayed a peak of activity after sunset (20.00\u201322.00\u2003hours), whereas activity of males persisted longer through the night. Another slight increase in activity was noted before dawn (02.00\u201304.00\u2003hours).\n                    <jats:italic>Phlebotomus arabicus<\/jats:italic>\n                    appears to be the main vector of\n                    <jats:italic>L.\u2003tropica<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the Galilee focus, due to its denser populations, more endophily and preference for peridomestic habitats than shown by\n                    <jats:italic>P.\u2003sergenti<\/jats:italic>\n                    in northern Israel.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0269-283x.2004.00527.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,8]],"date-time":"2005-01-08T16:11:58Z","timestamp":1105200718000},"page":"418-428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Bionomics of phlebotomine sandflies in the Galilee focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in northern Israel"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"V.","family":"Kravchenko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Wasserberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Warburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761992000300010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"37","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Israel in the era of changing environment","volume":"29","author":"Anis E.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Public Health Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"1177","article-title":"Revision of the sandflies of the subgenus Adlerius (Diptera Phlebotominae, Phlebotomus)","volume":"59","author":"Artemiev M.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Zoological Zhurnal"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781444313765"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1996.54.530"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(02)00088-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004300100085"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034980120041071"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(03)00008-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2003.09.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/36.5.588"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","volume-title":"The R Project for Statistical Computing","author":"GNU","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/378204"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"79","volume-title":"The Zoogeography of Israel","author":"Jaffe S.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2004.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/32.6.822"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","first-page":"307","article-title":"The behaviour and dispersal of sandflies in Ras el Naqb, south Jordan with particular emphasis on Phlebotomus kazeruni","volume":"33","author":"Kamhawi S.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Parassitologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1995022163"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(95)90526-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-081X(99)00046-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(95)90072-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The sandflies of Egypt (Diptera: Phlebotominae)","volume":"52","author":"Lane R.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Bulletin of the British Museum Natural History (Entomology)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","first-page":"121","article-title":"A taxonomic review of the genus Phlebotomus (Diptera: Psychodidae)","volume":"45","author":"Lewis D.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Bulletin of the British Museum Natural History (Entomology)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","first-page":"252","article-title":"Insects of Saudi Arabia, Diptera: Fam. 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