{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T16:00:17Z","timestamp":1792684817503,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,7]],"date-time":"2005-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1105056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":37,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Vet Entomology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Abstract.\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    The role of volatile semiochemicals in mediating the location and selection within herds of Holstein\u2010Friesian heifers by nuisance and disease\u2010transmitting cattle flies was investigated using coupled gas chromatography\u2013electrophysiology (GC\u2013EAG), coupled gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC\u2013MS), electrophysiology (EAG), laboratory behaviour and field studies. Using volatile extracts collected by air entrainment from heifers in the Netherlands, a number of active peaks were located by coupled GC\u2013EAG for\n                    <jats:italic>Musca autumnalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (de Geer) (Diptera: Muscidae) and\n                    <jats:italic>Haematobia irritans<\/jats:italic>\n                    (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae). Volatile samples were also collected from two heifers in Denmark shown in previous counting experiments to differ significantly in their fly loads. Coupled GC\u2013EAG using\n                    <jats:italic>Ha. irritans<\/jats:italic>\n                    antennae revealed differences in the EAG response to the samples, with additional EAG activity in the sample collected from the heifer with the lower fly load. To identify more EAG active compounds, volatiles were also collected from 48\u2010h\u2010old urine by air entrainment. In total, 23 compounds were located and identified by coupled GC\u2013EAG and GC\u2013MS. Further electrophysiological testing of these compounds with five fly species [\n                    <jats:italic>M. autumnalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Ha. irritans<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Hydrotaea irritans<\/jats:italic>\n                    (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae),\n                    <jats:italic>Stomoxys calcitrans<\/jats:italic>\n                    (L.) (Diptera: Musicidae) and\n                    <jats:italic>Wohlfahrtia magnifica<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Schiner) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)] showed that only some of the compounds were physiologically active across the range of flies tested. These included 1\u2010octen\u20103\u2010ol, 6\u2010methyl\u20105\u2010hepten\u20102\u2010one, (\n                    <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                    )\u20103\u2010hexen\u20101\u2010ol, naphthalene, and all EAG active compounds identified from urine. Compounds showing significant EAG activity were tested for behavioural activity using a wind\u2010tunnel designed for measuring upwind flight behaviour. At certain concentrations, 1\u2010octen\u20103\u2010ol, 6\u2010methyl\u20105\u2010hepten\u20102\u2010one and 3\u2010octanol increased upwind flight, whereas naphthalene, propyl butanoate and linalool reduced upwind flight. In field studies using small herds of heifers ranked according to their fly load, individual slow\u2010release formulations of 1\u2010octen\u20103\u2010ol and 6\u2010methyl\u20105\u2010hepten\u20102\u2010one, when applied to low and high fly loading heifers, reduced fly loads on these individuals. This study provides evidence for the hypothesis that the natural differential attractiveness within herds of Holstein\u2010Freisian heifers, i.e. a single host species, for cattle flies is partly due to differences in volatile semiochemicals emitted from the host. It is suggested that this phenomenon applies to other vertebrate host species and their associated insect pests.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0269-283x.2004.00528.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,8]],"date-time":"2005-01-08T16:11:58Z","timestamp":1105200718000},"page":"313-322","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":128,"title":["The role of volatile semiochemicals in mediating host location and selection by nuisance and disease\u2010transmitting cattle flies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"M. 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