{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T12:13:59Z","timestamp":1794485639543,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,7]],"date-time":"2005-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1105056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":37,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Vet Entomology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Abstract.\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Tungiasis is a zoonotic ectoparasitosis caused by the sand flea\n                    <jats:italic>Tunga penetrans<\/jats:italic>\n                    L. (Siphonaptera: Tungidae)\n                    <jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>\n                    This disease is hyperendemic in poor communities of north\u2010east Brazil, causing considerable morbidity in affected human populations, but the animal reservoirs have not been investigated previously in Brazil. To assess the prevalence and intensity of\n                    <jats:italic>T. penetrans<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection in domestic and peri\u2010domestic animals, as well as in the human population, we surveyed two typical communities of north\u2010east Brazil: an urban slum and a traditional fishing village. In the slum we examined 849 humans, 121 cats, 82 dogs, 2 pigs, 2 rabbits, 1 monkey and 56 rodents, comprising 34 rats (\n                    <jats:italic>Rattus rattus<\/jats:italic>\n                    L.) and 22 mice (\n                    <jats:italic>Mus domesticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    L). In the fishing village we examined 505 humans, 68 dogs, 37 cats, 7 donkeys, 4 cattle, 3 pigs and 1 monkey. Tungiasis was common among dogs and cats of both communities, with respective prevalence rates of 67.1% (95% CI: 55.8\u201377.1) and 30.9% (95% CI: 20.2\u201343.3) in dogs, 49.6% (95% CI: 40.4\u201358.8) and 32.4% (95% CI: 18.0\u201349.8) in cats. Slum rats were 41.2% (95% CI: 24.6\u201359.3) infested, but the other animals were not. Human prevalence rates were 54.4% (95% CI: 51.0\u201357.8) in the slum and 52.1% (95% CI: 47.6\u201356.5) in the fishing village. High prevalence rates (range 31\u201367%) of tungiasis in humans, pets and rats (but apparently not other animals) indicate the need for an eco\u2010epidemiological approach to control of this anthropo\u2010zoonotic problem.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0269-283x.2004.00532.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,8]],"date-time":"2005-01-08T16:11:58Z","timestamp":1105200718000},"page":"329-335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["The animal reservoir of\n                    <i>Tunga penetrans<\/i>\n                    in severely affected communities of north\u2010east Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Heukelbach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. M. L.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Wilcke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Mencke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Feldmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1981.11687469","article-title":"Prevalence of tungiasis in Oto\u2010Ijanikin village, Badagry, Lagos State, Nigeria","volume":"75","author":"Ade\u2010Serrano M.A.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034989860238"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.80.11.365"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.98.23.472"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012510451-7\/50009-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-002-0817-y","article-title":"Investigations on the biology, epidemiology, pathology and control of Tunga penetrans. Brazil. I. Natural history of tungiasis in man","volume":"90","author":"Eisele M.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Parasitology Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01941930"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","volume-title":"UBASF A\u00edda Santos e Silva.","author":"Family Health Programme","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0908.030041"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2002.00904.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"421","article-title":"Sobre o macho de Tunga travassosi Pinto et Dreyfus, 1927e o parasitismo de Euphractes sexcintus L. por Tunga penetrans (L., 1758)","volume":"6","author":"Da Fonseca F.","year":"1936","journal-title":"Revista de Entomologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"69","article-title":"Alguns aspectos epidemiol\u00f3gicos e profil\u00e1ticos da tung\u00edase em c\u00e3es de Jata\u00ed, GO","volume":"30","author":"Franco da Silva L.A.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Revista de Patologia Tropical"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"Aspectos epidemiol\u00f3gicos e tratamento da tung\u00edase bovina no Munic\u00edpio de Juta\u00ed, Estado de Goi\u00e1s","volume":"2","author":"Franco da Silva L.A.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ci\u00eancia Animal Brasileira"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"269","article-title":"Untersuchungen \u00fcber den Sandfloh","volume":"12","author":"F\u00fclleborn F.","year":"1908","journal-title":"Beihefte zum Archiv f\u00fcr Schiffs- und Tropenhygiene"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"522","article-title":"Die Ausbreitung des Sandflohs in Afrika","author":"Hesse P.","year":"1899","journal-title":"Geographische Zeitschrift (Hettner)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2002.00961.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2001.00716.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2002.67.214"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","article-title":"Seasonal variation of tungiasis in an endemic community","volume":"71","author":"Heukelbach J.","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","volume-title":"An Illustrated Catalogue of the Rothschild Collection of Fleas (Siphonaptera) in the British Museum (Natural History), I. 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(Siphonaptera, Tungidae) extracted from goats of Ecuador","volume":"42","author":"Trentini M.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Parassitologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","first-page":"327","article-title":"Tunga penetrans (L., 1758), \u2018bicho de p\u00e9\u2019 em gado bovino","volume":"40","author":"Vaz Z.","year":"1946","journal-title":"Livro de Homenagem a R.F.Almeida"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.98.19.384-a"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","first-page":"1604","volume-title":"Manson's Tropical Diseases","author":"White G.B.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(02)00133-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","first-page":"354","article-title":"Die Fl\u00f6he (Siphonaptera) der Haustiere","volume":"8","author":"Wolffh\u00fcgel K.","year":"1910","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Infektionskrankheiten der Haustiere"}],"container-title":["Medical and Veterinary Entomology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.0269-283X.2004.00532.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.0269-283X.2004.00532.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T17:04:33Z","timestamp":1762275873000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.0269-283X.2004.00532.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.0269-283X.2004.00532.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.0269-283x.2004.00532.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-283X","1365-2915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-283X","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2005-01-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}