{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T12:51:45Z","timestamp":1793019105081,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,27]],"date-time":"2004-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1104105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Risk Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Over the past 20 years, several epidemiological studies have found an association between exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and health effects, including childhood leukemia and adult brain cancer. However, experts strongly disagree about whether this association is causal and, if so, how strong it is. In this article, we examine several alternatives to reduce EMFs from sources of the California power grid, including undergrounding distribution and transmission lines and reconfiguring or rephasing lines. The alternatives were evaluated in terms of the potential health risk reduction, cost, impacts on service reliability, property values, and many other consequences. Because of the uncertainty about an EMF\u2010health link, the main effort was to determine the sensitivity of the decisions to the probability and seriousness of an EMF hazard. User\u2010friendly computer models were developed to allow stakeholders to change the model assumptions and parameters to analyze the impacts of their own assumptions and estimates on the decision. The analysis clearly demonstrated that only four of the many concerns raised by the stakeholders could make a difference in the decision: health risks, costs, service reliability, and property values. Whether undergrounding, moderate alternatives for EMF reduction, or no change was the best decision depended on a few key factors, including the probability that EMF exposure is a hazard, the severity of this hazard, how the EMF reduction measures are financed, and the impacts on property values. While the analysis did not resolve the EMF issues, it showed that even in the most controversial settings, a little analysis goes a long way to clarifying the issues and to focus the debate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0272-4332.2004.00544.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,28]],"date-time":"2004-12-28T06:49:36Z","timestamp":1104216576000},"page":"1487-1502","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Managing Potential Health Risks from Electric Powerlines: A Decision Analysis Caught in Controversy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Detlof","family":"Von Winterfeldt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Eppel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"Neutra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"DelPizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112681"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","volume-title":"Public Health Effects of Exposures to Residential Electric and Magnetic Fields","author":"National Research Council","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Health Effects from Exposure to Power\u2010Line Frequency Electric and Magnetic Fields","author":"National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","volume-title":"Power Grid and Land Use Policy Analysis: Guide for Decision Makers and Stakeholders","author":"Von Winterfeldt D.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","volume-title":"Power Grid and Land Use Policy Analysis: Final Report (Revision 3)","author":"Von Winterfeldt D.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","volume-title":"Power Grid and Land Use Policy Analysis: Final Report (Revision 3)\u2014Appendix G","author":"Von Winterfeldt D.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","volume-title":"Analytica. Visual Modeling Tool","author":"Lumina Decision Systems","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","volume-title":"Survey of Residential Magnetic Field Sources","author":"Zafanella L.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","volume-title":"Magnetic Field Mitigation Cost Estimates","author":"Enertech Consultants","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3146709"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jema.1996.0073"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","unstructured":"Federal Accident Reporting System (FARS). Available athttp:\/\/www.fars.nhtsa.dot.gov."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","volume-title":"Non Ionizing Radiation, Part 1, Static and Extremely Low\u2010Frequency (ELF) Electric and Magnetic Fields","author":"International Agency for Research on Cancer","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","volume-title":"ELF Electromagnetic Fields and the Risk of Cancer","author":"Doll S. R.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","unstructured":"California Department of Health Services. (2002).An Evaluation of the Possible Risks from Electric and Magnetic Fields (EMFs) from Power Lines External Wiring Electrical Occupations and Appliances. Oakland CA : CDHS. Available athttp:\/\/www.dhs.ca.gov\/ehib\/emf."}],"container-title":["Risk Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.0272-4332.2004.00544.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.0272-4332.2004.00544.x","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/j.0272-4332.2004.00544.x","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.0272-4332.2004.00544.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T07:13:21Z","timestamp":1694416401000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.0272-4332.2004.00544.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.0272-4332.2004.00544.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.0272-4332.2004.00544.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0272-4332","1539-6924"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0272-4332","type":"print"},{"value":"1539-6924","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]}}}