{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T11:13:58Z","timestamp":1772190838910,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,1]],"date-time":"2004-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1080777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cutan Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:\u2002<\/jats:bold> In three cases of chronic scrotal lymphedema, histological and immunohistochemical changes were observed that were strikingly similar to an exceedingly rare lesion reported previously under the name of acquired smooth\u2010muscle hamartoma (ASMH) of the scrotum. The clinical context indicated that the cases were reactive rather than hamartomatous in nature.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Materials and methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The histological and immunohistochemical findings of the three cases were compared to macroscopically normal scrotal specimens obtained during sex reassignment surgery in seven male\u2010to\u2010female transsexuals.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Compared to the seven controls, the three cases of chronic scrotal edema revealed a marked increase of dartos smooth\u2010muscle tissue and of connective tissue of the scrotal skin and underlying soft tissues. Still, even the normal amount of scrotal smooth\u2010muscle tissue may easily be misinterpreted as smooth\u2010muscle hyperplasia.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Chronic scrotal lymphedema may induce hyperplasia of the dartos muscle, resulting in a histological appearance previously described as ASMH. This indicates that ASMH may not always represent a later onset of abnormality similar to congenital smooth\u2010muscle hamartoma but, rather, may constitute a histological simulator.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0303-6987.2004.00191.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,1]],"date-time":"2004-04-01T13:22:04Z","timestamp":1080825724000},"page":"388-392","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Acquired smooth\u2010muscle hamartoma of the scrotum: a histological simulator?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"E. O.","family":"Van Kooten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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