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Medical research strongly supports a role for inflammation in the pathogenesis, progression, and disruption of atherosclerotic plaque. Medical science also has improved our understanding of the complex interactions between our environment and our immune, coagulation, and cardiovascular systems. Clinical studies have demonstrated systemic markers of inflammation to be strong predictors of clinical events, and specific treatments of atherosclerosis and its risk factors have been associated with reductions in inflammatory markers. The authors review the current understanding of the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, the common inflammatory markers, and potential anti\u2010inflammatory therapy. Among several potential circulating markers of vascular inflammation, high sensitivity C\u2010reactive protein is best validated and standardized as a marker for cardiovascular risk assessment. Nevertheless, there remain many uncertainties in utilizing C\u2010reactive protein in clinical practice. Here, the authors describe the central role of C\u2010reactive protein in atherosclerosis, review the studies demonstrating predictive value of C\u2010reactive protein, describe the factors requiring consideration when utilizing C\u2010reactive protein, discuss clinical scenarios in which measurement of C\u2010reactive protein may be helpful, and suggest ways to interpret and treat elevated C\u2010reactive protein levels. 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