{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T12:21:48Z","timestamp":1789906908722,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,3]],"date-time":"2006-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1144022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background\/aims: <\/jats:bold> Recently, there has been increasing awareness regardless keeping nails in good condition. Maintenance of an optimum water level in the nail plate is very important since water content affects the nail condition. However, a simple method for <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> measurement of water in the nail plate quantitatively has not been reported. In this study, we applied Near infrared spectroscopy (NIR)\u2010based prediction of water content of the cut nail plate to <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> measurement to obtain information about the seasonal change of water in the fingernail.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods: <\/jats:bold> Diffused reflectance spectra of the nail plate of the fingernail were collected in the NIR region with an NIR spectrometer <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> both in summer and winter from the same 15 Japanese female subjects. The water content of the nail plate <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> was calculated from the NIR spectrum using partial least square regression analysis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results: <\/jats:bold> It was possible to apply NIR\u2010based prediction of water content of the cut nail plate to <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> measurement. We also found that the water content of the nail plate varied from person to person but not with the finger of the individual. The average water content of the nail plate was significantly lower in winter than in summer (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05). In summer, the water content in the double\u2010layered nail tended to be higher than a nail in good condition (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.1) and significantly lower in the split nail (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups in winter. On the contrary, the amount of water absorption tended to vary depending on the nail condition. A large amount of water was absorbed in the double\u2010layered nail and a small amount in the split nail both in summer and winter.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion: <\/jats:bold> The water content of the nail plate of fingernail was predicted by <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> measurement using NIR spectrometry. Physiological information of the nail <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>, such as aging and other disorders could be obtained by this method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0909-752x.2006.00141.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,3]],"date-time":"2006-04-03T14:48:55Z","timestamp":1144075735000},"page":"126-132","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["<i>In vivo<\/i> measurement of water content of the fingernail and its seasonal change"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Mariko","family":"Egawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukihiro","family":"Ozaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motoji","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"443","article-title":"Transonychial water loss","volume":"121","author":"Jemec GB","year":"1989","journal-title":"relation to sex, age and nail-plate thickness"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","unstructured":"LeroyF GarsonJC BaltennekF DoucetJ RiekelC M\u00fcllerM.Histological structure of human nails as studied by synchrotron X\u2010ray microdiffraction. Proceedings of XXIst IFSCC International Congress Berlin 2000; 72\u201383."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","volume-title":"The nail\u2010 \u2013 basic to application (in Japanese)","author":"Azuma N.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5107\/sccj.24.98"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5107\/sccj.25.33"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5107\/sccj.33.3_283"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5107\/sccj.33.4_364"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5107\/sccj.37.4_282"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4838(99)00129-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1998.00146.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","first-page":"165","volume-title":"Handbook of non\u2010invasive methods and the skin","author":"Barel AO","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.429890"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","first-page":"179","volume-title":"Near\u2010Infrared Spectroscopy \u2013 Principles, Instruments, Applications","author":"Ozaki Y.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","first-page":"197","article-title":"Near\u2010infrared spectroscopy","volume":"44","author":"Rigal J","year":"1993","journal-title":"a new approach to the characterization of dry skin"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","first-page":"249","article-title":"Direct measurement of moisture in skin by NIR spectroscopy","volume":"44","author":"Martin KJ.","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Soc Cosmet Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1366\/0003702981944652"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac0102563"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1366\/00037020360626032"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1366\/0003702042641218"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","article-title":"Depth profile of diffuse reflectance NIR spectroscopy for skin moisture measurement","author":"Arimoto H","journal-title":"Skin Res Technol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","first-page":"491","article-title":"Seasonal changes of hydration of the superficial horny layer on various parts of the body and evaluation of factors affecting the extent of hydration","volume":"93","author":"Yoshikuni K","year":"1983","journal-title":"Nippon hifuka Gakkai Zasshi (in Japanese)"}],"container-title":["Skin Research and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.0909-752X.2006.00141.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.0909-752X.2006.00141.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T03:06:53Z","timestamp":1697252813000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.0909-752X.2006.00141.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,3]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.0909-752X.2006.00141.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.0909-752x.2006.00141.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0909-752X","1600-0846"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0909-752X","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0846","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,3]]}}}